Flughafen Dresden International
The had launched their into pre-war German territory. So instead the Nazis sent in troops with. The economy of Dresden and its agglomeration is one of the most dynamic in Germany and ranks first in Saxony.
Dresden's founding and early growth is associated with the , mining in the nearby , and the establishment of the. The sirens started sounding in Dresden at 21:51 CET. Architecture Although Dresden is often said to be a Baroque city, its architecture is influenced by more than one style.
Flughafen Dresden International - Air Force Historical Division report A U.
This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. March 2015 Dresden German pronunciation: ; : Drježdźany; : Drážďany; : Drezno is the capital city and, after , the second-largest city of the in. It is situated in a valley on the River , near the with the. Dresden Historic city centre with main sights Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the and , who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor, and was once by the family seat of. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its and city centre. The controversial towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000 people, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city centre. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the , the and the famous. Since in 1990 Dresden is again a cultural, educational and political centre of Germany and Europe. The is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the. The economy of Dresden and its agglomeration is one of the most dynamic in Germany and ranks first in Saxony. The city is also one of the most visited in Germany with 4. The royal buildings are among the most impressive buildings in Europe. Main sights are also the nearby National Park of , the and the countryside around and. The most prominent building in the city of Dresden is the. Built in the 18th century, the church was destroyed during World War II. The remaining ruins were left for 50 years as a war memorial, before being rebuilt between 1994 and 2005. According to the Hamburgische Weltwirtschaftsinstitut HWWI and in 2017, Dresden has the fourth best prospects for the future of all cities in Germany. See also: Although Dresden is a relatively recent city of Germanic origin followed by settlement of , the area had been settled in the era by tribes ca. Dresden's founding and early growth is associated with the , mining in the nearby , and the establishment of the. Its name etymologically derives from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the forest. Dresden later evolved into the capital of. Early history This section needs expansion with: the help of German wikipedia article. You can help by. Another settlement existed on the northern bank, but its Slavic name is unknown. After 1270, Dresden became the capital of the margraviate. It was given to Friedrich Clem after death of in 1288. It was taken by the in 1316 and was restored to the dynasty after the death of in 1319. From 1485, it was the seat of the dukes of , and from 1547 the as well. Early-modern age , 1719, of and The and ruler of Saxony Frederick Augustus I became King of in 1697. He gathered many of the best musicians, architects and painters from all over Europe to the newly named Royal-Polish Residential City of Dresden. His reign marked the beginning of Dresden's emergence as a leading European city for technology and art. During the reign of Kings Augustus II the Strong and most of the city's landmarks were built. These include the , the , the , the and the two landmark churches: the Catholic and the Lutheran. In addition significant art collections and museums were founded. Notable examples include the , the , the and the. In 1729, by decree of King Augustus II the first Polish Military Academy was founded in Dresden. In 1730, it was relocated to. Dresden suffered heavy destruction in the 1756—1763 , following its capture by Prussian forces, its subsequent re-capture, and a failed in 1760. Crossing the by 1895 The city of Dresden had a distinctive silhouette, captured in famous paintings by and by Norwegian painter. Between 1806 and 1918 the city was the capital of the which was a part of the from 1871. During the the made it a , winning there the famous on 27 August 1813. Following the 1831 many , including writers , , and composer , fled from the of Poland to Dresden. Also stayed several months in Dresden, starting in March 1832. He wrote the poetic drama there. Dresden saw a further influx of Poles after the and uprisings, amongst whom were authors , and. Dresden itself was a centre of the in 1848 with the , which cost human lives and damaged the historic town of Dresden. In the early 20th century, Dresden was particularly well known for its camera works and its cigarette factories. Between 1918 and 1934, Dresden was capital of the first Free State of Saxony. Dresden was a centre of European until 1933. Military history Image of Dresden during the 1890s, before extensive World War II destruction. Landmarks include , , and. During the foundation of the German Empire in 1871, a large military facility called Albertstadt was built. It had a capacity of up to 20,000 at the beginning of the. The garrison saw only limited use between 1918 and 1934, but was then reactivated in preparation for the. Its usefulness was limited by attacks on 17 April 1945 on the railway network especially towards Bohemia. Soldiers had been deployed as late as March 1945 in the Albertstadt garrison. The Albertstadt garrison became the headquarters of the in the after the war. Apart from the officers' school Offizierschule des Heeres , there have been no more in Dresden since the army merger during German reunification, and the withdrawal of Soviet forces in 1992. Nowadays, the Bundeswehr operates the of the Federal Republic of Germany in the former Albertstadt garrison. Second World War Dresden, 1945—over 90 percent of the city centre was destroyed. During the Nazi era from 1933 to 1945, the Jewish community of Dresden was reduced from over 6,000 7,100 people were persecuted as Jews to 41, as a result of emigration and murders. Non-Jews were also targeted, and over 1,300 people were executed by the Nazis at the Münchner Platz, a courthouse in Dresden, including labour leaders, undesirables, resistance fighters and anyone caught listening to foreign radio broadcasts. The bombing stopped prisoners who were busy digging a large hole into which an additional 4,000 prisoners were to be disposed of. Dresden in the 20th century was a major communications hub and manufacturing centre with 127 factories and major workshops and was designated by the German Military as a defensive strongpoint, with which to hinder the Soviet advance. Being the capital of the German state of , Dresden not only had garrisons but a whole military borough, the Albertstadt. Dresden was attacked seven times between 1944 and 1945, and was occupied by the after the German capitulation. On the night of February 13-14, 1945 773 RAF Lancaster bombers dropped 1,181. The inner city of Dresden was largely destroyed The high explosive bombs damaged buildings and exposed their wooden structures, while the incendiaries ignited them, denying their use by retreating German troops and refugees. The Allies described the operation as the legitimate bombing of a military and industrial target. Several researchers have argued that the February attacks were. Mostly women and children died. When interviewed after the war in 1977, stood by his decision to carry out the raids, and reaffirmed that it reduced the German military's ability to wage war. American author 's novel is loosely based on his first-hand experience of the raid as a. In remembrance of the victims, the anniversaries of the bombing of Dresden are marked with peace demonstrations, devotions and marches. The destruction of Dresden allowed , a major Nazi museum director and art dealer, to hide a large collection of artwork worth over a billion dollars that had been stolen during the Nazi era, as he claimed it had been destroyed along with his house which was located in Dresden. Post-war After the Second World War, Dresden became a major industrial centre in the former East Germany with a great deal of research infrastructure. It was the centre of Dresden District between 1952 and 1990. Some of the ruins of churches, royal buildings and palaces, such as the Gothic , the and the , were razed by the Soviet and East German authorities in the 1950s and 1960s rather than being repaired. Compared to , the majority of historic buildings were saved. Local activists and residents joined in the growing movement spreading across the German Democratic Republic, by staging demonstrations and demanding the removal of the non-democratic government. Post-reunification Dresden Frauenkirche at night Dresden has experienced dramatic changes since the reunification of Germany in the early 1990s. The city still bears many wounds from the of 1945, but it has undergone significant reconstruction in recent decades. Restoration of the was completed in 2005, a year before Dresden's 800th anniversary, notably by privately raised funds. The process, which includes the reconstruction of the area around the on which the Frauenkirche is situated, will continue for many decades, but public and government interest remains high, and there are numerous large projects underway—both historic reconstructions and modern plans—that will continue the city's recent architectural renaissance. Dresden remains a major cultural centre of historical memory, owing to the city's destruction in World War II. Each year on 13 February, the anniversary of the that destroyed most of the city, tens of thousands of demonstrators gather to commemorate the event. Since reunification, the ceremony has taken on a more neutral and pacifist tone after being used more politically during the. Beginning in 1999, right-wing groups have organised demonstrations in Dresden that have been among the largest of their type in the post-war. Each year around the anniversary of the city's destruction, people convene in the memory of those who died in the fire-bombing. The completion of the reconstructed Dresden Frauenkirche in 2005 marked the first step in rebuilding the area. Quarter I and the front section of Quarters II, III, IV and V II have since been completed, with Quarter VIII currently under construction. In 2002, torrential rains caused the to flood 9 metres 30 ft above its normal height, i. The United Nations' cultural organization declared the to be a World Heritage Site in 2004. After being placed on the list of endangered World Heritage Sites in 2006, the city lost the title in June 2009, due to the construction of the , making it only the second ever World Heritage Site to be removed from the register. UNESCO stated in 2006 that the bridge would destroy the cultural landscape. The city council's legal moves, meant to prevent the bridge from being built, failed. View over Dresden lies on both banks of the , mostly in the , with the further reaches of the eastern to the south, the steep slope of the granitic crust to the north, and the to the east at an altitude of about 113 metres 371 feet. Triebenberg is the highest point in Dresden at 384 metres 1,260 feet. The incorporation of neighbouring over the past 60 years has made Dresden the twelfth largest by area in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg and. The nearest German cities are 80 kilometres 50 miles to the southwest, 100 kilometres 62 miles to the northwest and Berlin 200 kilometres 120 miles to the north. Nature Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests. The Dresdner Heide to the north is a forest 50 km 2 in size. The additional Special Conservation Areas cover 18 km 2. The protected gardens, parkways, parks and old graveyards host 110 natural monuments in the city. The is a former world heritage site which is focused on the conservation of the in Dresden. One important part of that landscape is the Elbe meadows, which cross the city in a 20 kilometre swath. Climate Dresden has an , influenced by its inland location, with warm summers and slightly colder winters as compared to the German average. The average temperature in January is 0. The driest months are February, March and April, with precipitation of around 40 mm 1. The wettest months are July and August, with more than 80 mm 3. The microclimate in the differs from that on the slopes and in the higher areas, where the Dresden district , at 227 metres , hosts the Dresden. The weather in Klotzsche is 1 to 3 °C 1. Climate data for Dresden, Germany for 1981—2010, record temperatures for 1967-2013 Source: DWD Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C °F 16. Large areas are kept free of buildings to provide a flood plain. Two additional trenches, about 50 metres wide, have been built to keep the inner city free of water from the Elbe, by dissipating the water downstream through the inner city's gorge portion. Flood regulation systems like and are almost all outside the. The , normally a rather small river, suddenly ran directly into the main station of Dresden during the. This was largely because the river returned to its former route; it had been diverted so that a railway could run along the river bed. Many locations and areas need to be protected by walls and sheet pilings during floods. A number of districts become waterlogged if the Elbe overflows across some of its former floodplains. Unsourced material may be challenged and. November 2011 Dresden is a spacious city. Its districts differ in their structure and appearance. Many parts still contain an old village core, while some quarters are almost completely preserved as rural settings. Other characteristic kinds of urban areas are the historic outskirts of the city, and the former suburbs with scattered housing. During the German Democratic Republic, many apartment blocks were built. The original parts of the city are almost all in the districts of Altstadt Old town and Neustadt New town. Growing outside the , the historic outskirts were built in the 18th century. They were planned and constructed on the orders of the Saxon monarchs, which is why the outskirts are often named after sovereigns. From the 19th century the city grew by incorporating other districts. Demographics Top 10 non-German populations Nationality Population 31. The population peaked at 649,252 in 1933, and dropped to 450,000 in 1946 because of World War II, during which large residential areas of the city were destroyed. After large incorporations and city restoration, the population grew to 522,532 again between 1950 and 1983. Since , demographic development has been very unsteady. The city has struggled with migration and suburbanisation. During the 1990s the population increased to 480,000 because of several incorporations, and decreased to 452,827 in 1998. Between 2000 and 2010, the population grew quickly by more than 45,000 inhabitants about 9. Along with and , Dresden is one of the ten fastest-growing cities in Germany, while the population of the surrounding is still shrinking. As of 2010 the population of the city of Dresden was 523,058, the population of the Dresden agglomeration was 780,561 as of 2008 , and as of 2007 the population of the Dresden region, which includes the neighbouring districts of , and the western part of the district of was 1,143,197. Dresden is one of the few German Cities which has more inhabitants than ever since World War II. As of 2006 about 51. As of 2007 the mean age of the population was 43 years, which is the lowest among the urban districts in Saxony. As of 31 December 2013 there were 43,707 people with a migration background 8. This percentage is almost the same as in 2006 with 4%. Main article: Dresden is one of Germany's 16 political centres and the capital of Saxony. It has institutions of democratic local self-administration that are independent from the capital functions. Some local affairs of Dresden receive national attention. Dresden hosted some international summits such as the Petersburg Dialogue between Russia and Germany, the European Union's conference and the labour ministers conference in recent years. As of 2008 , there was no stable governing majority on Dresden city council Stadtrat. As of 2014 the 70 seats of the city council were distributed as follows: Party Number of seats 21 15 11 9 5 3 2 Bündnis Freie Bürger 2 2 The is directly elected by the citizens for a term of seven years. Executive functions are normally elected indirectly in Germany. However, the Supreme Burgomaster shares numerous executive rights with the city council. The main departments of the municipality are managed by seven burgomasters. Local affairs The is a subject of controversy in Dresden and other parts of Germany Local affairs in Dresden often centre around the of the city and its spaces. Architecture and the design of is a controversial subject. Discussions about the , a bridge under construction across the Elbe, received international attention because of its position across the. The city held a public referendum in 2005 on whether to build the bridge, prior to UNESCO expressing doubts about the compatibility between bridge and heritage. Its construction caused loss of World Heritage site status in 2009. In 2006 Dresden sold its publicly organization, WOBA Dresden GmbH, to the US-based private. The city received 987. Opponents of the sale were concerned about Dresden's loss of control over the. Since October 2014, , a political movement based in Dresden has been organising weekly demonstrations against what it perceives as the of Europe although the primarily and make up only 0. As the number of demonstrators increased to 17,500 on December 22, so has the international media coverage of it. See also: Along with its in , Dresden was one of the first two cities to pair with a foreign city after. The and bombardments by the German are also considered to be. Their first opera house was the , opened in 1667. The presented opera from 1719 to 1756, when the began. The later was completely destroyed during the bombing of Dresden during the second world war. The opera's reconstruction was completed exactly 40 years later, on 13 February 1985. Its musical ensemble is the , founded in 1548. The runs a number of smaller theatres. The Dresden State Operetta is the only independent in Germany. The Herkuleskeule is an important site in. There are several choirs in Dresden, the best-known of which is the Choir of. It is a boys' choir drawn from pupils of the , and was founded in the 13th century. The Dresdner Kapellknaben are not related to the Staatskapelle, but to the former Hofkapelle, the Catholic cathedral, since 1980. The is the orchestra of the city of Dresden. Performances include dance and music. A big event each year in June is the , a culture festival lasting 3 days in the city district of. Bands play live concerts for free in the streets and people can find all kinds of refreshments and food. Museums, presentations and collections Dresden hosts the Dresden State Art Collections which, according to the institution's own statements, place it among the most important museums presently in existence. The art collections consist of twelve museums, of which the Old Masters Gallery and the Green Vault and the Japanisches Palais are the most famous. Also known are New Masters Gallery , Armoury with the , and the Museum of Ethnology. The Military History Museum is placed in the former garrison in the Albertstadt. The is a botanical garden in the that is maintained by the. Also located in the Großer Garten is the. The Kraszewski-Museum is a museum dedicated to the most prolific writer , who lived in Dresden from 1863 to 1883. Architecture Although Dresden is often said to be a Baroque city, its architecture is influenced by more than one style. Other eras of importance are the and , as well as the contemporary styles of and. Royal household The royal buildings are among the most impressive buildings in Dresden. The was the seat of the from 1485. The wings of the building have been renewed, built upon and restored many times. Due to this integration of styles, the castle is made up of elements of the , and styles. The is across the road from the castle. It was built on the old stronghold of the city and was converted to a centre for the royal art collections and a place to hold festivals. Its gate by the moat, surmounted by a golden crown, is famous. The was the church of the royal household. Augustus the Strong, who desired to be , converted to Catholicism, as Polish kings had to be Catholic. At that time Dresden was strictly Protestant. Augustus the Strong ordered the building of the Hofkirche, the Roman Catholic Cathedral, to establish a sign of Roman Catholic religious importance in Dresden. The crypt of the is located within the church. King is buried in the Cathedral, as one of very few to be buried outside the in. In contrast to the Hofkirche, the Lutheran was built almost contemporaneously by the citizens of Dresden. It is said to be the greatest cupola building in and Northern Europe. The city's historic Kreuzkirche was reconsecrated in 1388. There are also other churches in Dresden, for example a in the Südvorstadt district. One of the youngest buildings of that era is the Hygiene Museum, which is designed in an impressively monumental style, but employs plain façades and simple structures. It is often attributed, wrongly, to the school. Important buildings erected between 1945 and 1990 are the Centrum-Warenhaus a large representing the , the Kulturpalast, and several smaller and two bigger complexes of housing in , while there is also housing dating from the era of. Important contemporary buildings include the , a building with few windows, the , the Saxon State Parliament and the New Terrace, the UFA-Kristallpalast cinema by one of the biggest buildings of in Germany , and the. Foster roofed the main railway station with translucent Teflon-coated synthetics. Libeskind changed the whole structure of the Museum by placing a wedge through the historical arsenal building. There are about 300 fountains and springs, many of them in parks or squares. The wells serve only a decorative function, since there is a system in Dresden. Springs and fountains are also elements in contemporary cityspaces. It shows August at the beginning of the Hauptstraße Main street on his way to Warsaw, where he was King of Poland in personal union. Another sculpture is the memorial of in front of the Frauenkirche. In 1911 built the Hellerau festival theatre and Hellerau became a centre of modernism with international standing until the outbreak of World War I. Today the Hellerau reform architecture is recognized as exemplary. In the 1990s, the garden city of Hellerau became a. Also some Art Nouveau living quarters and two bigger quarters typical for communist architecture — but much renovated — can be found. The villa town of joins the Dresden city tram system, which is expansive due to the lack of an underground system. Dresden also has a few multiplex cinemas, of which the Rundkino is the oldest. Dynamo Dresden won eight titles in the. Currently, the club is a member of the after some seasons in the and. In the early 20th century, the city was represented by , who were one of Germany's most successful clubs in football. Their best performances came during World War II, when they were twice German , and twice winners. Dresdner SC is a multisport club. While its plays in the sixth-tier , its volleyball section has a team in the women's. Dresden has a third. Due to good performances, they have moved up several divisions and currently play in Germany's second division. The Titans' home arena is the. Since 1890, have taken place and the Dresdener Rennverein 1890 e. Major sporting facilities in Dresden are the , the and the for. The leaves the A4 in a south-eastern direction. In Dresden it begins to cross the Ore Mountains towards Prague. The A13 and the A17 are on the. Several roads crossing or running through Dresden. There are two main inter-city transit hubs in the railway network in Dresden: and. The most important railway lines run to Berlin, Prague, Leipzig and Chemnitz. A system operates on three lines alongside the long-distance routes. The Transport Authority operates twelve lines on a 200 km 124 mi network. Many of the new vehicles are up to 45 metres long and produced by in. While about 30 % of the system's lines are on often sown with grass to avoid noise , many tracks still run on the streets, especially in the inner city. The is a tram that supplies Volkswagen's , crossing the city. The transparent factory is located not far from the city centre next to the city's largest park. The districts of Loschwitz and Weisser Hirsch are connected by the , which has been carrying passengers back and forth since 1895. It is home to the and the ministries of the Saxon Government. The controlling of Saxony is in Leipzig. The highest Saxon court in civil and , the Higher Regional Court of Saxony, has its home in Dresden. Most of the Saxon state authorities are located in Dresden. Dresden is home to the Regional Commission of the , which is a controlling authority for the Saxon Government. It has jurisdiction over eight , two and the city of Dresden. It hosts some divisions of the German Customs and the eastern Federal Waterways Directorate. Dresden is the traditional location for schooling in Germany, today carried out in the. After reunification enterprises and production sites broke down almost completely as they entered the , facing competition from the Federal Republic of Germany. After 1990 a completely new and system was introduced and infrastructure was largely rebuilt with funds from the Federal Republic of Germany. Dresden as a major urban centre has developed much faster and more consistently than most other regions in the former German Democratic Republic, but it still faces many social and economic problems stemming from the collapse of the former system, including high unemployment levels. Dresden has raised its to 31,100 euro, close to the GDP per capita of some West German communities the average of the 50 biggest cities is around 35,000 euro. Thanks to the presence of public administration centres, a high density of semi-public research institutes and an extension of publicly funded high technology sectors, the proportion of highly qualified workers Dresden is again among the highest in Germany and by European criteria. Dresden regularly ranks among the best ten bigger cities in Germany to live in. Major enterprises today are 's spin-off , , and Toppan Photomasks. Their factories attract many suppliers of material and cleanroom technology enterprises to Dresden. The pharmaceutical sector developed at the end of the 19th century. The 'Sächsisches Serumwerk Dresden' Saxon Serum Plant, Dresden , owned by , is a global leader in production. Major employers are the , Elbe Aircraft Works , and. There are around one hundred bigger hotels in Dresden, many of which cater in the upscale range. Dresden has a broadcasting centre belonging to the. The Dresdner Druck- und Verlagshaus Dresden printing plant and publishing house produces part of 's , amongst other newspapers and magazines. It is currently the university of technology in Germany with the largest number of students but also has many courses in , economics and other non-technical sciences. It offers 126 courses. In 2006, the TU Dresden was successful in the of the. The institutes are well connected among one other as well as with the academic education institutions. It focuses on and physics. As part of the it is one of the German research centres. The hosts institutes of applied research that also offer mission-oriented research to enterprises. With eleven institutions or parts of institutes, Dresden is the largest location of the Fraunhofer Society worldwide. In Dresden there are three Leibniz Institutes. There are some Berufliche Gymnasien which combine and secondary education and a Abendgymnasium which prepares higher education of adults avocational. Archived from the original on 31 January 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2007. Alle Städtenamen und deren Geschichte. Faber und Faber Verlag, Leipzig 2007, , S. Dresden, 1994; Albertstadt — sämtliche Militärbauten in Dresden. Dresden im Luftkrieg: Vorgeschichte-Zerstörung-Folgen, p. Retrieved 5 May 2009. Firestorm: The Bombing of Dresden. Retrieved 5 May 2009. Archived from on 29 April 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2009. Archived from the original on 22 October 2004. Retrieved 30 March 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2008. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. 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By now, the thousands of fires from the burning city could be seen more than 60 miles 97 km away on the ground, and 500 miles 800 km away in the air, with smoke rising to 15,000 feet 4,600 m. The Solo Holocaust was among the most evil genocides in history. It focuses on and physics. Retrieved 20 October 2013. The inquiry declared the elimination of the German ability to reinforce a counter-attack against Marshal Konev's extended line or, alternatively, to retreat and regroup using Dresden as a base of elements, were important military objectives. According to the Hamburgische Weltwirtschaftsinstitut HWWI and in 2017, Dresden has the fourth best prospects for the future of all cities in Germany. A further 1,858 bodies were discovered single frau dresden the reconstruction of Dresden between the end of the war and 1966. So many u were horribly burnt and injured. In remembrance of the victims, the anniversaries of the bombing of Dresden are marked with peace demonstrations, devotions and marches.