OUR HEALTH TIPS - Type 2 diabetes develops silently while sugar attacks blood vessels. Hence the importance for people at risk to regularly monitor their blood sugar.
It is a disease that develops without making noise, without apparent signs for years. Then, one day, if it has not been detected in the meantime, it suddenly imposes itself. Diabetes fell on me without warning. I had a heart attack, I was put in two stents and told that it was because of my type 2 diabetes. This is the first time I have heard of it! I had done a sugar test years ago, the doctor had told me it was limited, but that's it, "says Bernard, 71.
The case of the septuagenarian is far from being an exception. In fact, as Professor Bruno Vergès, a diabetologist at the University Hospital of Dijon, recalls, "half of diabetics who have a heart attack discover their pathology on this occasion". However, myocardial infarction is one of the most common complications in people with type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes, which usually develops after 40 years. A diabetic has, in fact, a two to three risk higher than a non-diabetic to have a myocardial infarction. In total, a third of people affected by a heart attack are diabetic.
Diabetes is also the cause of other equally serious cardiovascular complications, such as stroke or arteriopathy of the lower limbs. To understand why, we must return to the causes of the disease.
"Type 2 diabetes is not just a sugar-related condition."
Diabetes is characterized by increased blood sugar, hyperglycemia. It is insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas that regulates this level by allowing sugar to enter cells to be used as an energy source. In type 2 diabetes, the cells of the body become less sensitive to insulin which acts less well: it is insulin resistance. In response, the pancreas must produce more insulin and eventually run out. Overweight and sedentary lifestyle will promote insulin resistance and make the bed of type 2 diabetes in genetically predisposed people. Too much sugar in the blood will damage the vessels.
But this is not the only reason for the appearance of cardiovascular complications. “Type 2 diabetes is accompanied by other metabolic disturbances, including lipid disorders and hypertension, which must be managed. Clearly, type 2 diabetes is not just a sugar-related pathology, ”insists Pr Michel Krempf, diabetologist at Nantes University Hospital.
Thus, a diabetic will not only have to take care to keep his blood sugar in the target (by regularly measuring his glycated hemoglobin), but he will also be subject to close monitoring of his cardiac parameters. In addition to a lipid assessment, a diabetic must have an electrocardiogram every year, or even a doppler of the arteries if necessary.
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