Bioregutalors
(Russian studies on bioregulators used injectable peptide versions, not the oral form, throughout their trails)
(Cytomaxes/Citomaxes are extracts. Cytogens/Cytogenes are synthesized peptides. The latter has a guarantee on quantity of the respective peptides in their respective pills, where the former's is more unknown.)
- Bonomarlot for bone marrow Cytomax
- Bonothyrk for parathyroid Cytomax
- Bronchogen for Bronchi Cytogen
- Cardiogen for Heart Cytogen
- Cartalax for cartilage and bones Cytogen
- Cerluten for brain and nervous tissue Cytomax
- Chelohart for heart and infarction Cytomax
- Chitomur for bladder Cytomax
- Crystagen for immune system Cytogen
- Endoluten for neuroendocrine system Cytomax
- Erythropoietin Increases red blood cell count. Cytomax
- Glandokort for adrenal glands Cytomax
- Gotratix for muscles Cytomax
- Honluten/Chonluten/PC AC-7 for respiratory system Cytogen
- Libidon for prostate Cytomax
- Normoftal for Eyes Cytogen
- Ovagen for liver Cytogen
- Pancragen for Pancreas Cytogen
- Pielotax for kidneys Cytomax
- Pinealon for brain Cytogen
- Revilab SL 01 for cardiovascular system Cytomax
- Revilab SL 02 for nervous system Cytomax
- Revilab SL 03 for immune and neuroendocrine systems Cytomax
- Revilab SL 04 for musculoskeletal system Cytomax
- Revilab SL 05 for digestive system and lungs Cytomax
- Revilab SL 06 for respiratory system Cytomax
- Revilab SL 07 for hematopoietic system Cytomax
- Revilab SL 08 for urinary system Cytomax
- Revilab SL 09 for men's health Cytomax
- Revilab SL 10 for women's health Cytomax
- Sigumir for joints and spine Cytomax
- Stamakort for stomach Cytomax
- Suprefort for pancreas Cytomax
- Svetinorm for liver Cytomax
- Testagen for male reproductive system Cytogen
- Taxorest for bronchi mucosa Cytomax
- Testoluten for male reproductive system Cytomax
- Thyreogen for thyroid (both hyperthyroidism & hypothyroidism) Cytomax
- Ventfort for vascular system Cytomax
- Vesilut for bladder Cytogen
- Vesugen for vessels Cytomax & Cytogen
- Vilon for thymus Cytogen?
- Visoluten for eyes Cytomax
- Vladonix for immune system Cytomax
- Zhenoluten for female reproductive system Cytomax
Cancer
- AICAR slows cancer cell metabolism (but can accelerate the growth of tumors under varying circumstances) and making cancer cells more susceptible to environmental insults.
- CXCL9 is pleiotropic in its ability to regulate tumor-associated angiogenesis, as well as cancer cell metastases.
- Endostatin has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of tumour angiogenesis and growth in different experimental systems and is currently in Phase II/III clinical trials.
- GC-MAF boosts the immune response by activating macrophages. It inhibits angiogenesis by depriving neoplastic lesions of the oxygen and nutrient supplies that are needed for tumor progression and metastasis.
- GHK-Cu The gene analysis computer program selected GHK from 1,309 bioactive molecules as the best choice to reset the diseased gene patterns to a healthier pattern. When three lines of human cancer cells (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, U937 histolytic cells, breast cancer cells) were incubated in culture with 1 to 10 nanomolar GHK, the programmed cell death system (apoptosis) was reactivated and cell growth inhibited. It could reverse the differential expressions of these 54 genes (including node molecules YWHAB, MAP3K5, LMNA, APP, GNAQ, F3, NFATC2, and TGM2) significantly.
- Gonadorelin suppresses estrogen production in the ovaries. it has the potential to reduce estrogen sensitive cancers.
- Hexarelin is capable to antagonize chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
- Humanin protects cells from chemotherapy-induced damage.
- iRGD binds to integrins that are expressed on tumor endothelial cells (may or may not only be effective when it's in conjunction with other anti-cancer treatments).
- Kisspeptins may suppress melanoma and breast cancer.
- KPV has decreased inflammation and tumorigenesis in the body.
- Melanostatin DM has been shown to significantly reduce the production of melanin in melanocytes. Hypothetically, this peptide could reduce the spread of Melanoma cells.
- Met-enkephalin Modulation of the OFG-OGFr receptor axis represents a promising and therapeutic avenue for effective treatment such as cancer (hepatoblastoma, breast, colon, renal, ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma and many others), autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis..
- Nonapeptide-1 prevent melanocytes from producing pigmentation, so this peptide may reduce the spread of Melanoma cells.
- PNC-27 has been found to kill cancer cells by inducing membranoylsis via cellular necrosis. It was designed to bind tightly to the p53-binding pocket on the MDM2 protein, a negative regulator of the P53 tumor suppressor, while having no effect on healthy cells and is functional almost across all cancer cell types.
- PEDFs are powerful anti-angiogenic factor that negates VEGF activities and prevent tumor growth beyond certain size.
- SHLP6 is strongly pro-apoptosis, inhibits cancer cell growth in-vitro, inhibits VEGF, inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo.
- Thymalin research shows that sub-therapeutic doses of thymalin have significant tumor growth arrest. also shown benefit in the treatment of chronic lympholeukemia when combined with plasmapheresis.
- Thymosin alpha 1 reduces both the growth and metastasis of cancerous cells. The peptide also appears to reduce cell migration. has been tested and is undergoing active testing in a number of different cancers. Positive results have been seen in breast, colon, liver, lung, and skin cancer.
- Triptorelin has an ability to boost efficacy and extend the benefits of hormone therapy in breast cancer treatment. May also be useful in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and other conditions that interfere with urinary function in men.
Cardiovascular
- AICAR controls vascular inflammation could reduce both short-term and long-term complications of stent placement without the need for drugs that increase the risk of bleeding.
- B7-33 reduces infarct size post-MI, preserves cardiac function and protects cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts against simulated ischemia-reoxygenation.
- C19ORF10 may promote cardiac myocyte survival and angiogenesis.
- Elamipretide (MT-131) improves impaired mitochondrial function in heart failure, with no effect on normal mitochondrial function in nonfailing hearts.
- GHRP-6 is so effective in reducing cardiac remodeling that it shifts the balance of nervous system activity away from sympathetic stimulation (higher heart rate, higher blood pressure, etc.) toward parasympathetic dominance. It also may offset problems associated with heart failure found that the peptide reduces oxidative stress in heart failure and prevents myocardial remodeling from taking place.
- GLP-1 analogues could play role in decreasing the overall damaged caused by a heart attack. It appears that the peptide improves cardiac muscle glucose uptake, thereby helping struggling ischemic heart muscle cells to get the nutrition they need to continue functioning and avoid programmed cell death.
- Glutathione can help in reducing free radicals and, in turn, reduces the risk of stroke or heart attack.
- Hexarelin significantly attenuated LV hypertrophy, LV diastolic dysfunction, and high blood pressure. It increased LVEF in normal and in GH-deficient patients. The effects of hexarelin on cardiac function, cardiac fibrosis, and blood pressure were also mediated by GHSRs, since GHSR expression was upregulated by hexarelin treatment and a selective GHSR antagonist inhibited hexarelin activity.
- Humanin (cardiac fibrosis) increases AMPK and eNOS in the heart.
- Ji-38 and GH augmented levels of cardiac precursor cell proliferation, only JI-38 increased antiapoptotic gene expression.
- M-ANP enhanced renal function with significant increases in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, natriuresis, and also inhibited aldosterone activation.
- Mots-C improves endothelial, microvascular, and epicardial blood vessel function. Reduces inflammation.
- Myristyl has been shown to reduce total and LDL cholesterol.
- Oxytocin/Carbetocin maintains cardiovascular integrity. Decreases cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis.
- Sermorelin prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Increases the growth of blood vessels to damaged tissue, and diastolic function. Reduces cardiovascular scar mass/size.
- Thymalin may both prevent and reverse heart disease by reducing lipid levels and by directly affecting the lymphocytes responsible for removing plaque from the walls of arteries.
- Thymosin Alpha-1 may offer as a ACE inhibitor, which might mean that it reduces cardiac remodeling, slows the progression of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup), and improves kidney function. It can reduce the inflammation and even improve function of the CFTR protein.
- Tesamorelin reduces triglyceride levels, total cholesterol levels, and non-HDL-C levels. Decreases inflammation and risk for CVD.
Cognition
- ARA-290 increases the number of small nerve fibers and reduces pain significantly.
- BPC-157 repairs dopeminergic neurons. Raises Nitric oxide levels.
- Cortagen monstrated a pronounced therapeutic effect upon the structural and functional posttraumatic recovery of peripheral nerve tissue.
- Cerebrolysin (to a weaker extent N-PEP-12) contains GDNF, NGF, BDNF, CTNF, and many essential amino acids. Encourages more oxygen delivery into the brain.
- Cerluten helps to regulate the CNS and cortex. Acts as a neural antioxidant and perhaps as an adaptogen.
- Cortexin comprises of BDNF and NGF peptides. Reduces of excessive
level of cortisol. The neuroprotector effects of Cortexin are based on its ability to enhance serotonin and GABA production. Cortexin was found to stimulate dopamine liberation from axons of striatal neurons and, at the same time, to suppress dopamine action on pre- and postsynaptic receptors.
- Dihexa is a hepatocyte growth factor agonist. Stimulates nerve synapse generation, which may overcome memory and motor dysfunctions.
- DNSP-5 & 11 increases tyrosine hydroxylase positive neuronal sparing. Enhances motor performance. Induces neurological GDNF(?). Protest dopaminergic neurons.
- Epitalon (A.K.A.Epithalamin) increases a person’s resistance to emotional stress and also acts as an antioxidant.
- Fermented rice peptide (FRP) found to demonstrate that it prevented memory impairment, and that the underlying mechanism might involve regulation of the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Study shows that it significantly decreased acetylcholine levels and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus as compared with controls.
- FGLL/HA-FGL activates the NCAM–FGFR signaling pathways result in increased neurite outgrowth and survival and leads to its effects in memory. It decreases oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death.
- GHK-Cu can improve angiogenesis in the nervous system, boost nerve outgrowth, and reduce inflammation in the central nervous system
- GLP-1 can help to protect against excitotoxic neuron damage, completely protecting neurodegeneration against glutamate-induced apoptosis. The peptide can even stimulate neurite outgrowth in cultured cells. It has been shown to reduce levels of amyloid-beta in the brain as well as the beta-amyloid precursor protein found in neurons.
- Glutathione may help combat the oxidative stress that damages dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease
- Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) is neuroprotective. Modulates calcium and GSK-3β signaling. has been shown to bind with low affinity to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and also elicit a biological response via other mechanisms. GPE facilitates the release of dopamine through interaction with the NMDA receptor.
- Gonadorelin raises LH, which convert into testosterone. Testosterone contains neuroprotective effects against Dementia, however, reducing the activity of the LH receptor improves amyloid pathology and preserve the health of astrocytes. Continuous use of Gonadorelin (around 5-10 days) will shut down the body's natural testosterone and reduce T levels overall, so cycle this peptide if you plan to use it.
- HAYED (5) decreases the iron and radical levels in the cell culture medium and in the CSF. Specially, the synthesized peptide prevented cell and brain damage.
- Humanin protests the brain from neurotoxins like amyloid β. Improves neurological insulin sensitivity, which may help with Type 3 Alzheimer's patients. It may be a CNTF agonist. It regulates IRS-1/mTOR signaling in the hippocampus. Acts like an antioxidant to excitotoxins and other forms of neuroinflammation.
- IGF-2 plays a role in myelinogenesis, regulating growth, differentiation, the survival of neurons, calcium homeostasis, and acetylcholinesterase enhancement. It increases the proliferation of adult neural stem cells and improves the spatial memory.
- Melanotan 1 assists with neural inflammation. Improves astrocyte functioning by increasing levels of BDNF.
- Mots-C sensitize endothelial cells to the effects of other signaling molecules, like acetylcholine?
- Noopept affects positively as a psychological component of the functional state for rapid adaptation to both cold and hot climate. Expression of NGF and BDNF mRNA in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Noopept also shown to increase the DNA-binding activity of HIF-1 for 10 but not for 56 days.
- Orexin-A shows significantly improved performance in sleep-deprived subjects while on short-term memory tasks
- P21 is a LIF mimetic. It robustly inhibits tau abnormal hyperphosphorylation via increased BDNF mediated decrease in glycogen synthase kinase-3β (a major tau serine/threonine kinase). found to enhance proliferation and differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitors, increase synaptic markers expression, and improve cognition.
- Phoenixin plays an important role in reproductive function, there is also evidence that it may have other functions, regulating the heart, feeding, memory, and anxiety, both in the brain and the periphery.
- Pinealon mends dopeminergic/serotonergic and the pituitary damage, even to the cellular degree, caused by aging. May improve circadian rhythm disorders. Reduces the effects of oxygen deprivation during stroke. Limits the excitotoxic effects of NMDA activity.
- Rubiscolin-6 had an analgesic effect and stimulated memory consolidation.
- Semax, induces BDNF in the CNS, and dopeminergic/serotonergic neurons. Improves gene expression for the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Prevents impairment of long-term potentiation.
- Tesamorelin raises NAAG levels.
- Thymosin alpha-1 helps to advance neuron growth and the development connections between neuron. Protective for inflammation and neuron dysfunction.
- Thymosin Beta 4 might improve spinal cord wounds. It promotes angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis.
- Thyrotropin TRH has shown that they are slower to learn specific motor tasks, but that learning speed can be increased via exogenous administration of TRH (for those who are missing the TRH gene). It is active in the cerebellum and likely plays a role in facilitating motor learning. It have been found to decrease ataxia in models of human cerebellar degenerative disease
- VIP has neuroprotective effect on inflammatory conditions by inhibiting the production of microglia-derived proinflammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-1b, nitric oxide). VIP promotes a secondary repair with axonal regrowth through the VPAC2 receptor and BDNF production.
- VGVAPG (sold as pal-VGVAPG) is a repeating hexapeptide in the elastin molecule. It is well documented that the peptide sequence binds with high affinity to elastin-binding protein. The VGVAPG peptide decreases the secretion of P4 by astrocytes. The VGVAPG peptide decreases SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cells proliferation, which is prevented by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
- WRW-4 protests the brain from amyloid β42 impairment. A FPR2 antagonist.
Endocrine Regulation
- Epitalon reduces lipid oxidation and ROS, along with normalizing T cell function. It seems to normalize cholesterol and uric acid, along with prolactin levels.
- DSIP reduces the secretion of corticotropin (anti-catabolic).
- Ipamorelin has been shown to reduce or even reverse the side effects of glucocorticoid use.
- VGVAPG (sold as pal-VGVAPG) increases the production of progesterone (P4); however, at the same time, it decreases the secretion of P4 by astrocytes. It stimulates the production and secretion of testosterone (T).
Energy
- ACE-031 improves oxidative capacity of muscle, which protects against fatigue and the negative effects of free radical production.
- AICAR inhibits adenosine deaminase causing an increase in ATP levels and adenosine levels.
- Mots-C increases AICAR levels, activating AMPK.
- Orexin-A improved performance in sleep-deprived subjects due to related alterations in local cerebral glucose metabolism.
Fat loss
- 5-amino 1MQ is an inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). Prevents the formation of white adipose tissue. Reduces cholesterol levels.
- Adipotide causes targeted apoptosis in the blood vessels of white adipose tissue. Without a blood supply, the fat cells simply died. The net result was rapid weight loss, rapid decrease in body mass index, and improved insulin resistance characteristics. Also showed a decrease in food consumption.
- AICAR mimics the effects of exercise very precisely and that repeated administration of AICAR has effects similar to long-term exercise.
- DILP6 may promote lipids as the primary source of catabolic energy. It appears to bridge dFOXO, adipose tissue and brain endocrine function to regulate Drosophila longevity.
- FGF19 increases metabolic rate concurrently with an increase in fatty acid oxidation.
- FNDC5, the precursor of irisin. promotes the conversion of white fat to brown fat (thermogenesis via PPARα)
- GLP-1 analogues may actually enhance feelings of satiety, helping individuals to feel fuller and reducing hunger indirectly. Exenatide (an oral form of GLP-1) was generally well tolerated and reduced HbA(1c) with no weight gain and no increased incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with metformin.
- Obestatin functions as part of a complex gut-brain network whereby hormones and substances from the stomach, intestine and the brain about satiety or hunger.
- HGH Fragment 176-191 is a ADRB3 agonist, known to directly increase fat burning in adipose tissue and is also responsible thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. It's the most effective synthetic derivative of hGH for lowering blood sugar levels. This effect is secondary to a sustained increase in plasma insulin levels
- HGH & Ghrelin peptides increases serum GH. GH to act on two enzymes: lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Lipoprotein controls lipolysis (the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids) and lipogenesis (the accumulation of fat). Hormone-sensitive lipase also breaks down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.
- Humanin (Might be able to replace fasting) induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis (as a consequence, more Mitochondria to produce ATP). Increases glucose stimulated insulin
release, and insulin sensitivity.
- IGF-1 LR3 & DES is associated with reversing insulin sensitivity, reducing weight and increasing metabolic expenditure.
- Melanotan 1 promotes the oxidation of fatty acids by muscle and burns fat cells.
- Mots-C/CB4211 improves insulin sensitivity. Increases brown fat function and reduces the accumulation of adipose tissue.
- Myostatin inhibitors (ACE-031, Follistatin, and etc.) shows improvement in serum biomarkers of both bone and fat metabolism.
- Oxytocin/(Carbetocin) helps to reduce body fat accumulation and lowers glucose levels via insulin sensitivity.
- P21 with its CNTF moa, can correct or improve hyperinsulinemia, hyperphagia, and hyperlipidemia associated with these models of obesity.
- Pinealon boosts levels of Irisin.
- PYY may partly mediate the reduced appetite and weight loss benefits observed post-gastric bypass surgery.
- Selank prevents the accumulation of body fat.
- Setmelanotide binds to and activates MC4 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and in the lateral hypothalamic area, areas involved in the regulation of appetite, and this action is thought to underlie its appetite suppressant effects.
- SS-31 increased levels of SIRT1. SIRT1 levels have been associated with improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation in type 2 diabetes.
- Tesamorelin reduces lipodystrophy in visceral adipose tissue, liver fat, and epicardial fat.
- Xenin reduces food intake partly by acting through the hypothalamus.
Hair
- Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 works as a bio-α-MSH peptide analog. It stimulates hair pigmentation, darkens hair and reverses the gray hair process.
- AHK stimulates the growth of blood vessels in and around hair follicles in vitro. It can protect existing hair follicles and even help to regrow hair.
- Astressin B injections revived hair follicle growth in rodent populations (likely because it reduces cortisol).
- GHK-Cu is used to decrease fine lines and wrinkles and to improve hair regrowth.
- KPV stimulates the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in hair (and skin), acting through melanocortin 1 receptor.
- PTD-DBM is a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway which has been associated with hair restoration and healing. PTD-DBM is significantly more effective at inducing hair neogenesis when combined with Valproic Acid when applied topically.
- Thymosin Beta 4/Fragment 17-23 has been shown to help regrow hair in addition to PRP.
- Zn-thymulin significantly increased hair growth over 6 months; further, there were no systematic or local side effects from the treatment. Also improves endogenous hair pigmentation for gray or graying hair.
Healing
- AHK increases collagen type I production by more than 300%
- AOD 9604 in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA), it is now being used to help regenerate hyaline cartilage and is showing strong efficacy in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
- ATX-GD-59 is a safe and well-tolerated treatment for the improvement in free thyroid hormones for Graves' hyperthyroidism.
- ARA-290 may offer an effective treatment for nerve damage seen in diseases like sarcoidosis, diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, celiac disease, HIV, and more. According to Dr. Daniel Culver “ARA 290 offers new hope for patients suffering debilitating painand severe dysautonomia”.
- B7-33 has anti-fibrotic properties like relaxin, but unlike relaxin does not promote tumour growth in vivo.
- BPC-157 enhances healing of gastric ulcer, skin, teeth, cornea, muscle, colon-colon anastomosis, colocutaneous fistula, and segmental bone defect.
- Collagen peptides findings show that these specific collagen peptides have a positive impact on wound healing, and suggest that these bioactive collagen peptides should be administered for better results even in cases where wound healing is expected to be normal. Proteins were upregulated in the Collagen Peptides intervention most of which were associated with contractile fibers. From what I can gather most hydrolyzed collagen peptides (HCP) are processed down to their basic amino acids. You also use Collagen TriPeptide HACP for your joints and Tripeptide-29 for skin, for these have the actual amino acid chains for their respected collagen type.
- CPP-ACP binds readily to the surface of the tooth where it deposits a high concentration of ACP, repairing lesions in enamel and protecting against acid erosion. Several studies show that ACP fights tooth decay in animals and humans by increasing the resistance of enamel.
- DSIP boosts blood flow in the brain, so it can encourage healing and reduce metabolic damage.
- GHK-Cu has a variety of roles in the human body including, but not limited to, promoting activation of wound healing, attracting immune cells, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, stimulating collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in skin fibroblasts, and promoting blood vessel growth. It is capable of up and down regulating at least 4,000 human genes, essentially resetting DNA to a healthier state
- GPETAFLR counteracted high fat diet-induced downregulation of IL-10 and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers in the mouse brain, both at gene and protein levels.
- Humanin protecting mitochondria from oxidative stress. May able to protect against the development of kidney disease and organ (including eyes) inflammation.
- IGF-1 has started to prove its efficacy in improving symptoms of children with Rett syndrome, a genetic disorder that shares several clinical similarities with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). IGF-1 may also improve oxytocin secretion through the enhancement of the transient potential receptor V2 channel function.
- IGF-2 increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and Runx2 and Col1 mRNA expression of stem cell spheroids.
- Ipamorelin increases bone mineral density systemically, thereby increasing the strength of both existing bone and newly formed bone. It can can potentiate insulin release in rats.
- Lipopeptide ameliorate collagen and hyaluronic acid production.
- LL-37 has demonstrated success in helping promote wound healing (but it may play a negative role in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis).
- Matrixyl stimulates the lower layers of the skin to heal themselves, thus accelerating the healing of wounds. Cells called fibroblasts are responsible for knitting together wounds of the skin.
- MCF/PEG-MGF is expressed by mechanically overloaded muscle and is involved in tissue repair and adaptation. It is expressed as a pulse following muscle damage and is involved in the activation of muscle satellite (stem) cells.
- N-Acetyl-Carnosine eye drops are used to slow or reverse formation of cataracts.
- Oxytocin/Carbetocin lowers grades of IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β at the wound site.
- Retinalamin has been shown to regulate metabolic processes in the retina, to render pronounced protective effects on the vascular endothelium and on the collagen fibres of perivascular connective tissues, and to enhance the repair of damaged structures of the vascular wall.
- Pinealon reduces apoptosis in the skin by suppressing caspase-3 expression.
- Syn-Coll increases type I and III collagen production by 2-3 fold over baseline levels. The effects appear to last for about 72 hours before starting to diminish.
- Tesamorelin heals peripheral nerve injuries.
- Tripeptide-29 may stimulate glucose uptake and reduce fibrosis, both by inhibiting DPP4, opens a number of research avenues in the control of not just diabetes, but its pathologic sequelae as well.
- Thymosin alpha 1 improve healing of the gums, soft tissue surrounding the injury and promotes survival of replanted teeth.
- Thymosin Beta 4/TB 500 stimulates myoblasts and myocytes.. Addresses inflammation. Its VEGF properties rectify eye, immune, kidney, liver, muscle, skin, ulcer, and brain health.
- VIP helps with healing activity of the brain.
Immunity
- AICAR may have several pathways though which it affects inflammation in adipose tissue, with at least one of those pathways involving SIRT1 and macrophages. playing a protective role in inflammatory conditions like acute lung injry, asthma, colitis, atherosclerosis, and hepatitis.
- GIP(3-30)NH2 is a high affinity competitive GIPR antagonist and effectively antagonizes GIP-mediated G protein-signaling as well as pancreatic hormone release.
- Glutathione blocks NF-k, the master controller of inflammation in the body. Restored the ability of immune cells to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Also helps renew and strengthen the gut lining. Glutathione improved kidney function and reversed anemia. It keeps the liver healthy by neutralizing the oxidative stress that can lead to liver disease. Glutathione and antioxidants through sulfur- and cysteine-rich foods may help maintain a healthy pregnancy.
- Humanin involves reduction of inflammation, one of which is the immunity-modulating protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1. Also it protects cells from oxidative stress, serum starvation, and hypoxia.
- KPV has antiinflammatory effects of a-MSH when induced with fever; irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, vasculitis, and fibrosis; ocular, gastrointestinal, brain, and allergic airway inflammation; and arthritis, but also in models of organ injury. It's promising, therapeutic treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colon cancer, and inflammatory skin disorders, in particular, psoriasis.
- Imunofan enhances the body's reserve capacity to inactivate free radicals and oxidants, substantially shortens radiation, toxic
reactions, antiviral & antibacterial immunity, shortens the manifestation of clinical symptoms and major syndromes of diseases.
- Lipopeptide recognize and the invading microorganisms through the toll-like receptors.
- LL-37 plays an important role in the first line of defense against infection and systemic invasion of pathogens at sites of inflammation and wound. It also shows a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses, and fungi.
- Omega76 displayed high efficacy against carbapenem and tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Even with treatments of sublethal injections, there were no signs of chronic toxicity. It adopts an α-helical structure in membranes, causing rapid membrane disruption, leakage, and bacterial death.
- Oxytocin/Carbetocin might integrate both neurochemical and immunologic signals in the central nervous system and in turn affects immunologic defense, homeostasis, and surveillance.
- Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 inhibits the expression of interleukine 6 (IL-6) being responsible for inflammatory processes in the skin. By reducing the IL-6 concentration in skin inflammation mediated degradation processes of the extracellular matrix are reduced. Skin aging is consequently slowed down.
- Rigin (Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7) is capable of modulating the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a signaling molecule made by T-cells. IL-6 recruits additional immune cells to the site of injury or infection.
- Tesamorelin raises HGH levels for HIV-positive individuals (opposed to administration of exogenous HGH ).
- Thymalin positively alters cellular immunity, changing levels of lymphocyte subpopulations, affecting T-cell differentiation, and altering natural killer cells. It has been shown in clinical studies to improve results in psoriasis. It's particularly effective in the course of a tuberculosis infection if given early. also improved activity in the lymphoid system.
- Thymosin alpha 1 helping the immune system to recognize hepatitis B & C infections, fungal infections, avian influenza, and HIV. It restores immune function and prevent widespread infection.
- Thymosin Beta 4 is expressed in mature granulocytes than in immature blastic cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, with recombinant human interferonlambda reduced the levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA. Its level decreased after differentiation of THP-1 cells into Ia+ macrophages, but increased after differentiation of HL-60 cells into Ia- macrophages.
- Thyrotropin TRH appears to reduce the building up of amyloid plaque in the kidneys, a common cause of reduced kidney function as humans age.
- Triptorelin shows to be beneficial in reducing pain in endometriosis. It does so by reducing the volume of nodules in the disease. It is not curative in endometriosis, but it does make the disease manageable. Administration of an LHRH agonist, like triptorelin, has been shown to improve proliferation within the thymus and reverse the effects of aging to some extent.
- Selank suppresses the expression of interleukin 6.
- VIP can help support healthy hormone levels, works to limit inflammation, and regulates the immune system. Also it is often dosed nasally in patients with mold toxicity and other biotoxin illnesses.
- Xenin reduces food intake partly by acting through the hypothalamus.
Longevity
- 5-amino-1MQ reverses diet-induced obesity as a result of increased intracellular NAD+ and SAM.
- Carnosine can increase the Hayflick limit in human fibroblasts, as well as appearing to reduce the telomere shortening rate. It is also considered as a geroprotector. carnosine was found to inhibit AGE formation by quenching reactive carbonyl species.
- DILP1–8 1 & 2 controls circulating sugar. 1 may increase lifespan and glucagon-like AHK expression to 2. 2 & 5 stimulated glycogen phosphorylase.
- DSIP by preserving normal mitochondrial function, DSIP reduces the production of free radicals.
- Epitalon has been shown to lengthen telomeres in human cells.
- FOXO4 DRI induces apoptosis of senescent cells through the p53 expression. Reverses effects of chemotoxicity. might restore Liver, and regrow Hair.
- Humanin improves cell survival by binding to and inhibiting IGFBP-3, BH3 and Bax protein. It acts as a Calorie-Restriction Mimetic through STAT3. Might or might not mitigate the shorting of lifespan caused by IGF-1/HGH excess. mobilizes calcium. Protects against cell senescence. Stabilizes blood glucose levels.
- Mots-C Its a regulator of sphingolipid, monoacylglycerol, and dicarboxylate metabolism. Regulates nuclear glucose restriction genes, beta-oxidation, and antioxidant responses.
- Pinealon boosts telomere protection. Increases irisin levels.
- SS-31 improves mitochondrial function and thus overall production of energy via ATP synthesis. SS-31 can help to reduce the oxidative damage that usually accompanies mitochondrial dysfunction.
-Tesamorelin
- Thymalin normalizes the effect on a number of baseline physiologic functions in elderly adults.
Mood
- α-casozepine (Sold through the patent: Lactium®) is a bioactive peptide originating from a S1 casein, α protein in cow’s milk, which has an affinity for GABA receptors in the brain.
- Astressin BL reduces the synthesis of ACTH and cortisol.
- CBD3 has been shown to reduce pain behavior in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.
- Dilept is able to eliminate the PSI deficiency in the acoustic startle reflex test on the model of glutamate-negative psychosis in rats can be considered as a prognostic sign for the drug efficiency with respect to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and autism manifestations.
- DSIP is mainly prescribed for the treatment of pain conditions, alcohol and opioid withdrawal, CRH and stress-related symptoms, low testosterone (via stimulation of LH), and even sometimes as an antioxidant and antioncogenic protein. It modulates on central regulatory processes, the modulating influence on the activity of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and other neuronal systems.
- Glutathione prevented depression under stress. It improved symptoms of schizophrenia in clinical studies. Oral and transdermal glutathione are being developed to restore levels in autistic children.
- GLYX-13 behaves as a weak NMDA agonist. Neuroprotective to cortical neurons against oxygen/glucose deprivation.
- GSB-106 is classed as a psychostimulant, anti-opioid, synaptogenic, neurogenic, neuroprotective antidepressant, weakly antidiabetic neuroplasticity enhancer.
- Humanin/Humanin G exerted an anxiolytic-like activity as a FPR2 agonist.
- Met-enkephalin is a δ & μ opioid agonist. Inhibits enkephalin degradation (but it is predominately used as a anticancer treatment).
- MIF-1 increased the brain regions that are critically involved in the regulation of mood, anxiety, depression, and memory.
- Noopept It improved anxiety, irritability, mood, energy, apathy, sleep disturbances, daytime drowsiness, and headache, some of it within the first week, but not after 56 days.
- Nonapeptide-1 is a dopamine uptake inhibitor.
- Oxytocin/(Carbetocin) positively (albeit mildly) modifies hypervigilance toward threats, extreme mistrust, and altered non-verbal social behavior. Might offset some learning deficits caused by stress. Intranasally administered oxytocin was found to strengthen avoidance behavior to social threat cues and, thus, to normalize fast action tendencies in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients. Oxytocin has become a rising topic in BPD research and is currently tested as an adjuvant in the treatment of BPD
- PE-22-28 (Spadin) This peptide that mimics the natural human peptide spadin, that connects with TREK-1 which is located in the brain and responsible for learning, mood, and memory. PE-22-28 is being researched as a treatment to help depression, leaning, recovery from stroke, and diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
- Pinealon positively changes the epigenetic expression 5-tryptophan hydroxylase (5-TH).
- Rubiscolin-6 has anxiolytic effect by activating sigma1 and dopamine D1 receptors.
- Selank moderates the GABAergic system to the genetic levels. Lower stress levels. positively influences memory and learning. An enkephalinase inhibitor.
- Neuropeptide S was shown to produce anxiolytic-like effects in the brains exposed to four different stressful paradigms. Interestingly, NPS is expressed in a previously undefined cluster of cells located between the locus coeruleus (LC) and Barrington's nucleus. These results indicate that NPS could be a new modulator of arousal and anxiety.
- Tesamorelin raises GABA levels. (GHRH analogues in general are effective in suppressing seizures by activating GABA receptors).
- Thymosin alpha-1 may offer improved pain relief. It acts directly at the sight of inflammation to reduce the production of cytokines and other molecules (e.g. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, etc.) that trigger pain in the first place.
- Thyrotropin TRH could become a mainstay of the fight against opioid overdose because it provides the same benefits of naloxone with fewer side effects. Doctors who administered TRH directly into the spines of patients suffering from severe depression. Five of the eight patients tested responded favorably, showing a 50% or greater reduction in the symptoms of depression as well as a significant reduction in thoughts of suicide. It appeares to be more effective in women with a specific kind of depression that had no symptoms of anxiety. Research in bipolar patients has shown that TRH has more profound effects on depression when given at night.
Muscle Growth
- Carnitine is concentrated in tissues like skeletal and cardiac muscle that metabolize fatty acids as an energy source.
- GLP-1 directly stimulates the exocytosis of insulin from the pancreas. increased insulin secretion is associated with a number of trophic effects including increased protein synthesis, reduction in the breakdown of protein, and increased uptake of amino acids by skeletal muscle.
- HGH, GHRPs, and IGF-1s, causes
hyperplasia which actually the number of muscle cells present in the human body.
- IPH-AGAA reveals myoprotective properties, manifested in enhancement of proliferative processes and inhibition of apoptotic processes in myocytes. Influence of IPH-AGAA peptide on proliferation of human myocytes estimated by Рах7, Vimentin, Mif5, and Ki67 expression.
- Myostatin inhibitors (ACE-031, ACE-083, Follistatin, and etc.) produces significant increases in both lean body mass and thigh muscle volume. Improves force-generating capacity in muscle tissue, in part by preserving energy supply and shifting muscle thermodynamics toward oxidative respiration.
- MGF may lead to the activation of muscle satellite cells and the increase of MyoD as well as M-cadherin expression.
- Oxytocin/Carbetocin prevents muscle wasting. May slightly help recover from organ degeneration.
- TB-500 Animal subjects have proven a significant increase in muscle growth which clearly improves strength and endurance as well as a huge enhancement in muscle tone itself.
Sex Related
- Acetyl Hexapeptide-38 increases the volume of adipose tissue in the desired areas for improving appearance. Possesses breast firming properties, enhancing adipogenesis rate & lipid accumulation and provides a curvy silhouette. In-vivo studies had proved its ability to increase cheek, breast and facial volume.
- AICAR indicates that AMPK activators like AICAR can improve sperm motility by improving energy metabolism. Regulates the activity of energetic enzymes in spermatozoa.
- Alarelin is a hypothalamic peptide that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. Also it can induce ovulation.
- Astressin B improves the sexual drive under stressing conditions by reducing ACTH synthesis.
- DSIP stimulates of the release of luteinizing hormone, which increases the production of testosterone.
- Gonadorelin (agonist at short burst, antagonist long term).
- Humanin protects against testicular and sperm cells apotosis.
- IGF-1 (LR3 & DES) demonstrated cell proliferation, stimulated angiogenesis, and decreased caspase-3 activity after simulated ischemia and reperfusion in smooth muscle cells. It promotes the proliferation and the differentiation of tongue myoblasts.
- Kisspeptin 10, 2, and 54 have shown therapeutic benefits regarding LH & FSH secretion through the HPA axis, and continuous infusion increases testosterone, LH pulse frequency, and pulse size. Kisspeptin analogues have therapeutic potential as regulators of LH and thus testosterone secretion. However it's most effective up to ~30 years of age, afterwards, the leydig cells might be too desensitize to respond to kisspeptin peptides. According to PMID: 22577171, women react differently with endogenous Kisspeptin administration (depending on phase of their menstruation cycle).
- Myostatin inhibitors (ACE-031, Follistatin, GDF-8 & 11, and etc.) for sperm health) Circulating levels of FSH were higher than in the controls in the primary testicular failure and obstructive azoospermic group. In men, myostatin inhibitors can raise seminal fluid. For women, follistatin promotes folliculogenesis, the process that prepares eggs to be released from the ovaries during ovulation.
- Oxytocin/Carbetocin by intranasal administration stimulates monogamous behavior in men. Oxytocin has been correlated with to couples’ interactive reciprocity, including social focus, positive affect, affectionate touch, and synchronized dyadic states, and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship, findings which parallel those described for parent–infant bonding. May or may not increase the intensity of orgasms.
- MGF (A.K.A. IGF1-Ec) maintains the health and growth of the tunica albuginea.
- PGE-1 could mimic insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) by potentiating the stimulation of smooth muscle cell growth by FGF, suggesting that PGE-1 may act as a progression factor in the growth cycle of these cells. It's an useful treatment for ED and maybe penile enlargement. Prostaglandins can also sensitizes oxytocin receptors and cause cervix contractions, so perhaps PGE-1 might help women to reach orgasms easier.
- Prostatilen notably increases the efficiency of treatment of age-associated prostate diseases and, by influencing male sexual functions, significantly prolongs male sexual activity.
- PT-141,Melanotan I and II's have since been shown to have erectogenic properties (for both men and women) thought to be due to binding to melanocortin receptors in the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus. MT II results in increased kisspeptin mRNA in the preoptic area and increased plasma LH levels.
- Setmelanotide Spontaneous penile erections in males and adverse sexual reactions in females have occurred with treatment.
- Triptorelin Sustained-release administration of triptorelin initially stimulates LH and FSH secretion, with the subsequent production of testosterone (too much testosterone will inevitably shut men's natural production of test, so cycle responsibly). Therapy can increase rates of spontaneous pregnancy and improve outcomes in these disease itself in women with adenomyosis.
- VIP is a potent vasodilator, regulates smooth muscle activity, epithelial cell secretion, and blood flow for both men and women.
Skin
- Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 works as a bio-α-MSH peptide analog. It also can help repair DNA damage caused by UV exposure and reduce the skin erythema.
- Acetyl Tetrapeptide-15 is a μ opioid agonist. It supposedly improves the comfort of sensitive skin by decreasing unpleasant sensations and pain induced by heat and capsaicin.
- AHK By increasing the secretion of endothelial growth factor and decreasing the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1, it can stimulate blood vessel growth, particularly in the skin.
- Glutathione levels may clean your acne by neutralizing oxidative stress and promoting skin regeneration It lightens the skin in healthy women and may help cover dark skin patches.
- Hexapeptide-3 upon application keratinocytes reinforces cell adhesion. Moreover, the hexapeptide has the ability to increase integrin expression and provide a signal for skin repair. A lightening effect and increased smoothness of skin was observed after 1h, 3h and after 7 days.
- KPV stimulates the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in skin and hair, acting through melanocortin 1 receptor.
- Leuphasyl targets the wrinkle-formation mechanism of the expression of wrinkles in a unique way, it indicates as a proven efficacy for improving firmness and skin tone, reducing fine lines and wrinkles, and moisturizing the skin.
- Melanostatin DM has been found to antagonize α-MSH, a common signaling molecular that tells melanocytes (pigment cells) to product melanin.
- Melanotan I & II stimulates melanogenesis and thus provides a protective mechanism against UV rays.
- Matrixyl activates certain genes involved in the process of extracellular matrix renewal and collagen/fibronectin cell proliferation.
- Nonapeptide-1 can inhibit 25-35% of tyrosinase activity and can reduce the melanin content of melanocytes by 27-43%.
- PAL-GHK tricks fibroblasts into thinking that elastin, a common skin protein, has been damaged. This induces the fibroblasts to grow and multiply so that they can regenerate what they think is the lost elastin in skin. was effective in restoring moisture and fullness to the lips of female subjects with mild-to-moderate lip dryness.
- Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 when applied with Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 day resulting in a significant reduction of wrinkles.
- Rigin (Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7) has been shown to have activity against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This means reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles as well as evening out skin tone, improving elasticity, and increasing skin hydration.
- Syn-Coll is roughly 3.5 times more effective at reducing the appearance of wrinkles than placebo.
- Tripeptide-29, in topical form, can boost skin turnover and reduce fine lines, crow’s feet, under eye bags, and eye hollowing.
- VGVAPG (sold as pal-VGVAPG) is a repeating hexapeptide in the elastin molecule. It is well documented that the peptide sequence binds with high affinity to elastin-binding protein. It was found to stimulate the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts presumably via the elastin receptor.
For more research:
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/4/2/16/htm
http://www.beautyexpertk.com/qualified-cosmeceuticals/trade-names-functions-of-cosmeceuticals/
https://personal-care.evonik.com/product/personal-care/downloads/public/201203pubevonikpeptidesinnovativepeptidetechnologiessofw.pdf
http://www.sryahwapublications.com/archives-of-dermatology-and-skin-care/pdf/v2-i1/3.pdf
Sleep
- Epitalon restores and normalizes melatonin levels in older patients who have lost some pineal function due to aging.
- DSIP & Deltaran produces feelings of sleepiness, increases sleep time by 59% compared to placebo, and shortens sleep onset. It helps to normalize sleep and regulate dysfunction in sleep cycles.
- GHRH agonists can boost orexin secretion.
- Oxytocin/(Carbetocin) levels peak at around five hours after the start of sleep, typically during the REM stages of sleep. The study found that oxytocin levels are correlated with stages of light Stage Two sleep. Solution for disorders that impact on a person’s sleep. It modulates social emotions in dreams.
- Pinealon reset the pineal gland to baseline in the setting of circadian rhythm disruption, improving sleep, depression, mood, blood pressure, and more as a result.
- Thymalin does not reset circadian cycling, but it does correct the immune deficiency associated with changes in sleep-wake cycles.
- VIP (as well as arginine vasopressin) might modulate the output from the Olfactory Bulb to maintain circadian rhythms in the mammalian olfactory system.