How do I write a thesis or dissertation?

14 July 2021

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# 1 Methods
The chapter or section on methodology describes how you did your research so that your reader can assess the validity of the research. In general, you should include the following:

The overall approach and type of research (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, experimental, ethnographic)

Your data collection method (e.g. interviews, surveys, archives)
Details of where, when and with whom the research was conducted
Your data analysis methods (e.g. statistical analysis, discourse analysis)
Tools and materials used (e.g. computer software, laboratory equipment, https://essayassistant.net/ service)
A discussion of any barriers you encountered in your research and how you can overcome them

An evaluation or justification of your methods
The goal of the methodology is to accurately report the data you have collected and to convince the reader that this was the best way to answer your research questions or objectives.

# 2 Results
Next, report the results of your research. You can structure this section around sub-questions, hypotheses, or themes. Report only the results that are relevant to your objectives and research questions.

In some disciplines, the outcomes section is strictly separated from the discussion, while in others, the two are combined.

It can often be useful to include tables, graphs and charts in the results panel. Think carefully about how best to present your information, rather than adding tables or graphs that simply repeat what you have written. You should provide additional information or visualise your results in a way that adds value to your text.

Full versions of your data (e.g. interview minutes) can be attached.

# 3 Discussion
In your discussion, you will consider the meaning and implications of your findings in relation to your research questions. Here you should interpret the results in detail and discuss whether they meet your expectations and how well they fit into the framework you created in the previous chapters.

If any of the results were unexpected, explain why this might be. It is a good idea to consider alternative interpretations of your data and discuss any limitations that may have affected the results.

Your discussion should refer to other academic studies to show how your results match existing data. You can also make recommendations for future research or practical interventions.

# 4 Conclusion
The conclusion of your dissertation should accurately answer the central question of your research and give the reader a clear understanding of the main arguments.

In some academic conventions, the conclusion refers to the short paragraph preceding the discussion: first, the general conclusions are stated directly, discussed, and their meaning interpreted.

In other contexts, however, the conclusion refers to the final chapter, where you conclude your thesis with a final reflection on what you did and how you did it. This type of conclusion often includes recommendations for research or practice.

In this section, it is important to show how your findings contribute to knowledge in the field and why your research is important. What did you add to what is already known?

# 5 List of references
You should include details of all the sources you cite in a reference list (sometimes called a working list or bibliography). It is important to follow a consistent citation style.

Each style has strict and specific requirements for the formatting of sources in the reference list. Here are some rules, from https://essayassistant.net/buy-narrative-essay/ , that will make writing an academic essay in English easier, and your texts will be graded higher.

Common styles include APA and MLA. However, your program will often determine which citation style you should use. Check the requirements and ask your manager if you are unsure.

# 6 Appendices
Your dissertation itself should contain only essential information that directly helps answer your research question. As appendices, you may include documents you use that do not fit into the main body of your dissertation (e.g., interview explanations, survey questions, or tables with full figures).

# 7 Editing and proofreading
This is just the first step to a well-written dissertation, ensuring that all sections are in the right place. Leave enough time for editing and proofreading. Grammatical errors and careless formatting mistakes can affect the quality of your hard work.

Plan to write and revise several drafts of your thesis or dissertation before focusing on grammatical errors, typos and inconsistencies.

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