drug delivery and the medications used administrators who encourage investment in and budget for a regional anesthesia program. The Pursuit of Longer Duration of Action The most commonly used regional anesthetics include spinal blockade, epidural blockade, nerve blockade, and infiltration of local anesthetic to the surgical site. All of these options provide temporary analgesia and may reduce peripheral and central sensitization to the surgical injury. Unfortunately, the duration of action of these techniques is typically limited from a few hours to less than one day. This short duration of action created the need for infusion pumps and elastomeric bag technology .