Celle
Celle is also known for being an entry point for tourists to the Lüneburg Heath. It was merged in 1932 with the one in to become the Seidenwerk Spinnhütte AG. It is important as the cloth becomes stained, use a clean section of the dampened cloth or the stain will spread.
The single drum E-Line unit is mounted on a semi-trailer. Brushing may permanently damage the nap or change the character of the fabric. The Bomann Museum opposite the castle has works by the artist and has exhibitions of local folklore and town history.
Celle - Between then and 1866, when the town became during the as part of the , Celle was a possession of the British.
This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June 2015 Celle German pronunciation: is a town and capital of the district of , in , Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the river , a tributary of the and has a population of about 71,000. Celle is the southern gateway to the , has a castle built in the and style and a picturesque old town centre the Altstadt with over 400 , making Celle one of the most remarkable members of the. From 1378 to 1705, Celle was the official residence of the branch of the dukes of who had been banished from their original ducal seat by its townsfolk. Celle The town of Celle lies in the of the , about 40 kilometres 25 mi northeast of , 60 kilometres 37 mi northwest of and 120 kilometres 75 mi south of. With 71,000 inhabitants it is, next to , the largest town between Hanover and Hamburg. Expansion The town covers an area of 176. Flowing from the northeast, the discharges into the within the town's borders, as does the flowing from the southeast. The Aller heads westwards towards where it joins the. Climate Celle's annual precipitation is 692 millimetres 27. The wettest month is August which has 1. Monthly precipitation varies only slightly and precipitation is very evenly spread throughout the year. Only 1% of German weather stations show a lower annual variation. Middle Ages Celle was first mentioned in a document of A. In 1292 Duke 1277—1330 , a who ruled the from 1277 to 1330 left , where there had been a defences in the form of a the since the 10th century, and founded a rectangular settlement by the existing castle Burg 4 kilometres 2. In 1301 he granted Celle its , and in 1308 started construction on the town church. In 1378 Celle became the of the dukes of and, in 1433, the took up residence in the castle Schloss. The ducal palace was situated on a triangle between the Aller and its tributary, the Fuhse. A moat connecting the rivers was built in 1433, turning the town centre into an island. In 1452 Duke of Lüneburg founded a monastery. In 1464 the grain shipping monopoly generated an economic upturn for the town. Early modern period Rooftop view of Celle In 1524 the was introduced into Celle. In 1570 built the castle chapel which was consecrated in 1585. From 1665 to 1705 Celle experienced a cultural boom as a Residenz under. This has been particularly put down to his French wife, Eleonore d'Olbreuse, who brought fellow Christians and Italian architects to Celle. During this time the and Italian Gardens were laid out and the castle theatre built. In 1705 the last duke of the Brunswick—Lüneburg line died and Celle, along with the , passed back to the line of the. By way of compensation for the loss of its status as a Residenz town numerous administrative institutions were established in Celle, such as the Higher Court of Appeal Oberappellationsgericht , the prison and the. That began its development into an administrative and judicial centre. Even today the Lower Saxony-Bremen State Social Security Tribunal and the High Court responsible for most of Lower Saxony are based in Celle, amongst others. Celle is also still home to a prison the Justizvollzugsanstalt Celle or JVA Celle. In August 1714, King George I ascended to the British throne. Between then and 1866, when the town became during the as part of the , Celle was a possession of the British. In 1786 founded the first German Agricultural Testing Institute in the meadows at the Dammasch dam marsh today Thaer's Garden. The Albrecht-Thaer School is nowadays part of a vocational centre in the Celle sub-district of. New Town Hall Modern period In 1842 the Cambridge Dragoons Barracks Cambridge-Dragoner-Kaserne for the homonymous regiment named after the Hanoveran Viceroy Duke , was built in Celle. After being extended in 1913 and partially rebuilt after a fire in 1936, it was renamed Goodwood Barracks in 1945 and from 1976 to 1996 was the headquarters of Panzerbrigade 33 in the German armed forces, the. In 1989 it was renamed again to Cambridge-Dragoner-Kaserne. Since 1996 the area has mainly been used to house one of the largest youth centres in Lower Saxony. From 1869 to 1872 an infantry barracks was built for the 77th Infantry Regiment which also gave the main street running the length of the front of the barracks its name of 77er Strasse. After the the barracks was used by until 1993 during which time 94 Locating Regiment Royal Artillery held residency for over 25 years, followed briefly by 14 Signal Regiment, who relocated from Scheuen until the barracks were handed back to the local authorities. Today the New Town Hall Neue Rathaus and Celle Council Offices are housed in the restored brick building. Residential buildings and a town park have been established on the rest of the terrain. In 1913 the 74 metre high was built on the town church, its clockwork underwent a major restoration in 2008. In the 1920s the silk mill was built. It was merged in 1932 with the one in to become the Seidenwerk Spinnhütte AG. Its only product was silk that was needed for the paratroopers of the. In September 1929 opened a department store in Celle town centre, the façade of which was identical with that of the Karstadt store on 's Hermannplatz. The Celle branch was demolished in the 1960s and replaced by a controversial new building, whose aluminium braced facade was meant to represent Celle's. On 1 April 1939 Altenhäusen, Klein Hehlen, Neuenhäusen, Vorwerk and Wietzenbruch were incorporated into Celle. On 8 April 1945 the only serious allied bombing attack on the city during occurred, 2. A train in which about 4,000 prisoners were being transported to the nearby was hit. The attack claimed hundreds of casualties, but some of the prisoners managed to escape into the nearby woods. The 'hunt' claimed several hundred dead and went on until 10 April 1945 and represented the darkest chapter in Celle's history. The exact number of victims has not been determined. Several of the perpetrators were later tried and convicted of this. It was spared from further destruction by surrendering without a fight to advancing allied troops on 12 April 1945, so that the historic city centre and the castle survived the war completely unscathed. Military German Army Anti-tank helicopter at Celle Air Base. During the , Celle was an important garrison location. Elements of the 17th and 73rd Infantry Regiments and the 19th Artillery Regiment were garrisoned in the town. Celle was also the headquarters of a military district command and a military records office. The different German Army barracks including the Freiherr von Fritsch Barracks in Scheuen and the Cambridge Dragoons Barracks in the city were used as sites for the German until the 1990s. The Immelmann Barracks in the District of Wietzenbruch is now the site of the Training Centre of the Army Aviation School and the Cambridge Dragoons Barracks has now become a youth cultural centre CD-Kaserne. The barracks, which as Celle Station formed part of , were handed over to the German authorities on 5 November 2012. Since , Celle has largely lost its role as a major garrison town. Post-war era After the war Celle applied, along with and , to become the seat for the Parliamentary Council , the immediate post-war governmental body in Germany, later superseded by the West German. In the end the privilege went to. Trenchard Barracks in Celle was the most modern barracks in Germany during the war, with blackout blinds between the double-glazed windows and other features which became commonplace afterwards. The cellar doors were trial rooms for the number of inmates from Belsen who could be gassed. When Belsen concentration camp was liberated Trenchard Barracks was used as a hospital for surviving inmates who needed treatment. Later it became the Barracks for the 1st Battalion of the Rifle Brigade. On 1 January 1973 Celle lost its status as an independent town Kreisfreie Stadt and became the largest municipality in the new district Kreis of Celle. It also became the largest town in the new region of. At the same time the localities of Ummern, Pollhöfen and Hahnenhorn were incorporated into. Since then the parish of Hohne has looked after six villages , Helmerkamp, , Ummern, Pollhöfen and Hahnenhorn in two rural districts. The town of Celle has also incorporated a number of villages from the surrounding area. On 25 July 1978 a staged bomb attack was made on the outer wall of the prison. This was initially blamed on the , but was later revealed to have been perpetrated by 's intelligence service, the. The incident became known as the. In 2004 the region of Lüneburg was dissolved along with the rest of Lower Saxony's administrative districts. Celle is currently the twelfth largest town in. Growth in population In the and Celle only had a few thousand inhabitants. The population grew only slowly and dropped frequently as a result of many wars, epidemics and periods of famine. Not until the beginnings of industrialisation in the 19th century did population growth accelerate. It reached a total of 8,800 in 1818 but by 1900 this had more than doubled to 20,000. The incorporation of the surrounding villages on 1 April 1939 saw a further artificial rise in numbers to 38,000. Shortly after the the many refugees and displaced persons from the German areas of Eastern Europe led to a steep rise in the number of inhabitants within just a few months from around 17,000 to 55,000 by December 1945. On 30 June 2005 the official number of inhabitants within Celle borough, according to an update by the Lower Saxony State Department of Statistics, was 71,402 only main residences, and after adjustments with the other state departments. The following overview shows the population numbers based on the 'catchment area' at the time. The 1818 figure is an estimate, the rest are based on census results ¹ or official updates by the Department of Statistics. From 1871 the returns show the population actually present, from 1925 the resident population and since 1987 the population residing at their main residence. Before 1871 the numbers are based on various, different census-gathering processes. Year Population 1818 8,800 3 December 1855 ¹ 13,117 3 December 1861 ¹ 14,100 3 December 1864 ¹ 14,900 3 December 1867 ¹ 16,200 1 December 1871 ¹ 16,147 1 December 1875 ¹ 18,200 1 December 1880 ¹ 18,800 1 December 1885 ¹ 18,800 1 December 1890 ¹ 18,901 2 December 1895 ¹ 19,438 Year Population 1 December 1900 ¹ 19,883 1 December 1905 ¹ 21,390 1 December 1910 ¹ 23,263 1 December 1916 ¹ 20,521 5 December 1917 ¹ 19,997 8 October 1919 ¹ 23,589 16 June 1925 ¹ 25,456 16 June 1933 ¹ 27,734 17 May 1939 ¹ 37,799 31 December 1945 55,059 29 October 1946 ¹ 52,281 Year Population 13 September 1950 ¹ 59,667 25 September 1956 ¹ 57,239 6 June 1961 ¹ 58,506 31 December 1965 58,766 27 May 1970 ¹ 57,155 31 December 1975 74,347 31 December 1980 72,820 31 December 1985 70,482 25 May 1987 ¹ 71,222 31 December 1990 72,260 31 December 1995 73,936 Year Population 31 December 2000 72,127 30 June 2005 71,402 1 January 2006 71,371 1 January 2008 70,850 31 December 2011 69,972 ¹ Census results For the purposes of elections the town of Celle belongs to the of Celle-Uelzen. In 1983, 1987, 1990 and 1994 Klaus-Jürgen Hedrich won the direct vote. In 1998, 2002 and 2005 won the majority of votes. In 2009 CDU received the direct mandate. For Lower Saxony State Parliament elections Celle forms the constituency of Celle-Stadt with its surrounding area. In 2003 the CDU won the majority of votes. Town council This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. June 2015 The town council has 42 elected members as well as the directly elected mayor. The port charged with a azure surrounded by seven hearts gules on an. The on the full is described as follows: On the shield is a blue and white helmet with a , blue on the outside and white on the inside. The consists of two leaning outwards with red handles. The sickles have their points upwards, blades inward-facing and are decorated with 's eyes on the outside edges. Flag The town flag is divided into two equal stripes in the town colours of blue and white. It can also contain the town coat of arms. Official seal The town of Celle has an official seal whose design is based on the oldest town seal of 1288 with the circumscription Stadt Celle. It depicts a gatehouse between two castle towers. In the open gateway under a decorative helmet there is a shield tilting to the left charged with the lion of the Dukes of. Town twinning half-timber house Bergstr. The most impressive building is the ducal palace, , which was built in 1530 at the site of the former castle. Another major attraction is the Stadtkirche town church, 1308 with its white tower, from where the town trumpeter blows a fanfare twice a day an old tradition that was revived as a tourist attraction. Celle has a synagogue built in 1740, one of the few that survived the Nazi pogrom night of 1938, thanks to its location in a narrow street of wooden half-timber houses next to an important leather factory that would have been collaterally damaged. Celle is also known for being an entry point for tourists to the Lüneburg Heath. The Albrecht Thaer School, a school in Celle, was founded by in 1796. Celle also hosts a Christmas market every year in the old town centre. The Bomann Museum opposite the castle has works by the artist and has exhibitions of local folklore and town history. It houses the Tansey Collection, a collection of. The Celle Art Museum Kunstmuseum Celle with its Robert Simon collection is affiliated with the Bomann Museum. In the castle itself is the Residenz Museum, which makes use of its premises and an exhibition to document the princely. The Garrison Museum deals with the history of Celle Garrison from 1866 to the present day, whilst the Shooting Museum Schützenmuseum in Haus der Stadtmauer is devoted to Celle's shooting club history. The work of Celle's Neues Bauen architect, Otto Haesler, is charted by the Haesler Museum. And in the old storage barn built in 1607, as well as the , built in 1677 for the Institute of Apiculture, an exhibition of beekeeping may be viewed. It has a main auditorium and two smaller stages Malersaal and Turmbühne as well as an additional external venue Halle 19. Parks The picturesque lies immediately south of the Altstadt and is where the Lower Saxon Institute of Apiculture may be found. The , with its moats, is on the site of the former defensive fortifications of the ducal castle. Along Bahnhofstraße there is an area of common pasture used as a public park and play area Triftanlagen. On the right bank of the Aller are the Dammasch Meadows, a popular destination for trips and recreation, and immediately next to them is the garden of medicinal plants and the Thaers Garden with its little manor house. By the New Town Hall Neues Rathaus is the recently laid-out town park. Other important open areas include the various town cemeteries, such as the picturesque forest cemetery, the Waldfriedhof, with its nature garden. The Congress Union Celle is an event centre for conferences and exhibitions as well as stage, music and festive events. Also located there is the Bunte Haus which is a charitable cultural centre. It focuses on projects and events dealing with social questions covering aspects of culture, social work and civic education. Its workers are volunteers. The Celler Oilers are an ice hockey team that play in the Regionalliga or regional league. The club, SV Garßen-Celle, has fielded a women's team that had played in the women's Second Division North since the mid-1990s. In 2009 it came first and was promoted to the First Division. Since 1983 the Celle Wasa Run Celler Wasa-Lauf has taken place every year on the second Sunday of March in Celle's town centre. This has become one of the biggest running events in Germany for distances less than a marathon and is divided into runs of several distances: a children's run of 2. For several years there has also been a hiking Wandern event over 11 km 7 mi along the Aller as well as Walking and Nordic Walking events. Celle is one of five centres for the Lower Saxony Rowing Club. The Celle Sprint Regatta takes place annually in October on the Upper Aller at the Ziegeninsel and is hosted by the Hermann Billung Celle, Celler Ruderverein and Ruderclub Ernestinum-Hölty Celle rowing clubs. The Celle Triathlon always takes place in August. This was originally organised by the Celle branch of the Deutscher Alpenverein , but for several years has been run by SV Altencelle. Since 2001 Celle has played host to the In-Line Skating and Handbike Marathon from Hanover to Celle. This is one of the biggest races of its kind in Germany. In 2007 the European Masters championship took place as part of this event. Celle also hosted 's national football team during the. Economy Tourism is a large contributor to Celle's economy, especially in the summer months during jazz, wine, and other festivals, which attract thousands of visitors. The town is not really known for heavy industry, but many businesses which have started up in Celle and some, such as Rosa Graf Cosmetics, have reached the world market. Celle does have some links to the oil industry, though, particularly firms engineering parts for drilling; notably and divisions; oil and gas industry service companies specialising in , , , Drilling Applications Engineering, etc. There is also a school for advance drilling techniques. Other light industries include electronics, food manufacture, and metal, wood and plastic processing. In addition there an ink manufacturer formerly Hostmann-Steinberg now hubergroup , paper factory Werner Achilles Glanzfolien-Kaschieranstalt and musical instruments makers including. Celle is also home to Germany's Bee institute which carries out scientific studies on the bee species as well as keeping its own bee hives. Celle is also known as a town of civil servants, due to the large number of government officials and lawyers who work there providing important administrative and judicial services to the region. Agriculture and forestry also play a role. Foodstuffs Celle is the base for a factory, Barilla Wasa Deutschland. Regional and to some extent national suppliers are the high-alcohol drink manufactures of the and Alter Provisor brands. Originally made in Celle's Altstadt, the herb-based spirit is now distilled on the industrial estate, Alter Provisor is still produced and sold in the Altstadt. Celler Bier is also established here with its six varieties of beer. Another Celle speciality is Rohe Roulade, which initially gained fame in the Gasthaus Krohne now Dackel's Krohne in the district of Blumlage and is now offered in many of Celle's restaurants and pubs. Transport and logistics The Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen or OHE is a goods and passenger transport company covering the north German area with its headquarters in Celle. Transport Rail Celle lies on the. Celle is the terminus for routes S 6 and S 7 of the. The section between Celle and was built in the 1920s as a high-speed line for testing and record journeys across the heath-like, so-called Wietzenbruch. It was nicknamed the Hare Railway Hasenbahn due to its environment which was devoid of habitation and the numerous hares killed on the line in its early days. In 1965 this section via was electrified for the TEE and IC services from Hamburg to Hanover, in order to save routing them via Lehrte and having to change direction in Hanover. Formerly there were railway links from Celle via to and via Plockhorst to ; these were closed in the 1970s and have largely been dismantled. In 2004 the last remaining branch line from to Celle via , that was still used in places for goods traffic, was finally closed and work on lifting the line in the area of the town has begun. The run goods trains on several branch lines in the Celle area, including those to , and. Occasionally and specials also run on these lines. The is an important route for goods trains and was converted in 1998 into a modern S-Bahn line. A tramway network of 2 lines had been operated since 1907 by the Celler Straßenbahn but this was closed and dismantled between 1954 and 1956. Today the airfield is mainly used by the Army Aviation School Heeresfliegerwaffenschule as a training airfield for helicopter pilots. Celle-Arloh airfield near the district of Scheuen is a recreational airfield. It also offers round trips over the town of Celle and the Lüneburg Heath. There is also a glider airfield at Scheuen. Water Celle is only used by tourists today. From Celle the is classified downstream as a federal shipping lane; upstream a weir prevents ships passing. In former centuries Celle was an important transhipment station for ships between and the ports in via , Aller and the Lower. Bremen and Brunswick merchants had specific tasks from the Dukes of and later the town of Celle in order to ensure the safety of transport, because the speed of the Aller in the area of Celle made loading and unloading in the port necessary. From 1900 the quantity of trade through Celle Harbour steadily decreased and switched to road and rail. Until 1970 the transport of grain to the Celle Rathsmühle and the transport of potash salts were still significant. Town public transport services The firm of CeBus runs eight bus lines around the town. There are 15 bus lines for regional services, with which the villages in the district of Celle can be reached. Sometimes town and region bus services are combined. Media The is the local daily newspaper with a circulation of 34,977 as at: 2nd quarter 2005. In addition there is the bi-weekly Celler Kurier and weekly Celler Blitz as well as a monthly town magazine, the. Another monthly is the Celler Blickpunkt. The revista appears roughly every 2 months with a left-wing perspective of politics and culture. Education Schools The in Celle are the Hermann Billung Gymnasium which majors in mathematics, the sciences, Spanish and bilingual education history to level 7 in English , the Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria Gymnasium with a focus on music and European studies, the Gymnasium Ernestinum with Latin and ancient Greek, which was founded in 1328 as the , and the Hölty Gymnasium with courses in Russian and which has a mathematics and science branch. The other general schools are the three secondary schools Westercelle, Auf der Heese, Burgstraße , six combined primary and schools Altstadt, Blumlage, Groß Hehlen, Heese-Süd, Neustadt, Wietzenbruch as well as nine primary schools. In addition there are also the Catholic primary school Katholische Schule and the primary and secondary school, Freie Aktive Schule Celle. Other educational establishments Since 2003 Celle has been the location for the private College of Economics Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft or FHDW , which offers courses of studies in and the Bachelor of Business Administration. Another important educational establishment in Celle is the Bohrmeisterschule which is a technical college for drilling, extraction and pipeline technology. Celle is home to one of the two Lower Saxony State Firefighting Schools. It was also the location for the Celler Schule, one of the foundation institutions for up and coming songwriters, from 1996 to 2008, before it moved to. In addition there is an in Celle, which has numerous branches in the surrounding districts. Michelin Tourist Guide Germany 1st ed. Band II, 1: Die deutschen Ortsnamen. Beiträge zur Natur und Heimatgeschichte der Stadt Apolda und ihrer Umgebung 2008, S. Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Concentration Camp. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Accessed 6 August 2008. Archived from on 7 May 2013. Archived from on 24 June 2007. Archived from on 22 October 2007. Retrieved on 31 March 2009. Retrieved on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
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