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I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' 1995; , vol. Kalkhoven offered each conventual 75 and two barrels of rye, if they would leave. In , the French — as they retreated — withdrew from Bremen.
Whereas Pastor Pape of St. Nicholas Church on demolition.
High quality waterproof bike bags and backpacks by ORTLIEB - State Construction Master, about architect planned to renovate the existing church, and calculated cost of 2,290:26:00. This is based on our commitment to resource conservation in all of our production stages as we aim to keep our carbon footprint as small as possible.
The Saint Mary's Church : Sünt Marienkark, German: Sankt Marienkirche is a parish used and owned by the Lutheran in , Lower Saxony, Germany. The Himmelpforten parish forms part of the Stade deanery Kirchenkreis within the of the. The church was completed in 1738 and covers the eastern half of the foundations of the demolished abbey church of the former. Mary's Church Today's church was erected in 1738 using rests of the former which had mostly been torn down due to dilapidation in 1737. The previous was the abbey of the former , in 1255 relocated to Himmelpforten on the instigation of the. From the beginning on the abbey church served also as the parish church of the local parish Kirchspiel Himmelpforten. Noble families from the bestowed land and dues on the , enabling it to sustain their unmarried kinswomen. The nuns, and later the Lutheran conventuals after the , elected a as their legal male representative to the outside. The provost was entitled to nominate the candidates ius nominandi to be appointed as pastors in the parishes of , Himmelpforten, and. Prince-Archbishop financially burdensome reign 1511—1547 and again 1549—1558 and prodigal lifestyle fostered the spreading of the Reformation in the. The of the nuns followed the spreading of Lutheranism among the noble families from whom they originated. Between 1628 and 1629 during the conquest and subsequent occupation of the Prince-Archbishopric in the course the most preachers fled the area or were exiled. So also Himmelpforten's Lutheran preachers Hermann Marsmann and Ludolphus Eggebert us fled. Only one from 1422, preserved until today, remained with the convent. Since 1630 the had been deprived of its revenues, first in favour of the , subsequently in favour of the , then of the new local lord Count and his son, and finally thereafter in favour of the general government of Swedish , succeeding the Prince-Archbishopric since 1648. So for lack of funds and maintenance the convent buildings and the church fell into decay. In 1681 Samuel Friedrich Riedell, bailiff of the seigniorial , informed Bremen-Verden's about the expert report of Master Mason Daniel Sommer from Stade that many of the vaults and the western gable of the abbey church were on the verge to collapse, the same was true for most of the outside walls, already giving way to the pressure by the deranged vaults. In 1684 the Bremen-Verdian general government ordered a greater repair of the decayed church, and also the remaining convent buildings were restored to some extent, all carried out by the socage farmers. During the vacancy of the pastorate 1696—1703 , on 13 May 1699 representatives of the Himmelpforten parish handed in an expertise by the judges Johann Schröder , Erich Schlichting Breitenwisch , Master Carpenter Erich Dede and Master Mason Hinrich Vörder, describing the former abbey church as being well preserved. According to their report the abbey's external dimensions measured 141 40. The abbey comprised seven with 21 pillars carrying the vaulted ceiling. However, the aim of this expertise was to urge the General Government to restaff the pastorate. On 21 January 1706 the new Pastor Michael Schreiner reported the bad shape of the pastorate to his superiors. Now Bremen-Verden's General Government reacted and began rebuilding the whole convent compound. In 1732 the old pastorate was replaced by a new building recycling preserved parts of the old pastorate and the old bailiff's office. State Construction Master, about architect planned to renovate the existing church, and calculated cost of 2,290:26:00. Current building However, Bonn's plan was not acknowledged by the general government of British-Hanoverian and thus the old church was mostly torn down in 1737, and rebuild to half of its previous length and slightly narrower. In 1738 Master Mason Christian Götze led the new construction. The new church was inaugurated in the same year and dedicated to the. Like the abbey the present. The eastern part of the northern wall and the adjacent part of the wall of the old abbey church were maintained and thus integrated into the else new structure of today's St. Generally the present church has smaller windows than the abbey, so that the bigger window openings in the preserved northern wall are now partially blocked up to fit the smaller windows. Relief medallion of Madonna and child above the southern entrance The new western façade was partially built with brick in Klosterformat gained from the rubble of the demolished abbey. Since the apsis is at its original location the western façade of the shorter new church 23. The present church is also slightly narrower than the abbey, which is why today's apsis, including a northern section of that of the previous abbey, is somewhat irregular. Like the previous church of a mendicant Cistercian order the new church has no spire but only a wooden. The ceiling is completely flat. In 1759 the Amt Himmelpforten adjusted the church as a seigniorial granary for the dues in kind it collected, a wheel of the crane of which is preserved under the roof until today. In 1877 the southerly entrance was added a brick with a and plaque. Furnishings Inside, above the western door there is a decorated relief monogrammed with the initials G. II in honour of the then Supreme Governor of the Lutheran church, , King and Elector of Great Britain and Hanover. The congregation owns two , one from 1422 and another donated by the convent's last Prioress Gerdruth von Kampe in 1636. Furthermore there are a granted by the Conventual Anna Voss in 1648, and a silver, internally gilded jug, created in 1780 fulfilling the last will of the widow of Bailiff Tiling, née Prilop d. In 1684 on the occasion of the renovation of the abbey, during the term of Bailiff Lothar Feindt, an unknown donator granted a wooden which was later translated to the new church. The box is a massive oaken chest, created at the turn of the 16th and 17th century. On the southern wall is a mounted for Prioress Maria von Weyhe officiating between 1591 and 1616 , translated from the old church and dating from the first half of the 17th century displaying the Weyhe family coat of arms, baroque figural allegories of , reliefs of the and of Jesus with. The altar bible, edited by Caspar Holwein and printed in 1702 in Stade, is a valuable print from the Swedish era. There are two underneath the church floor discovered in 1964 at installing a modern heating and a pertaining boiler room. The older one, located in front of the altar, is built from brick of obsolete size and buried with rubble from the demolition of the abbey in 1737. Findings of rests of women's hair portend the burial crypt of the convent's donators, the Brobergen family. Close to the western entrance the second burial crypt called the Amtsgruft, i. The prominent barrel vault of the bailiff's crypt is why the church floor, elevated with rubble, is now 0. The six richly decorated zinc and lead coffins in the bailiff's crypt contain the remains of Bailiff , of his wife Margaretha Elisabeth Pfluegen, of Bailiff , of his wife Anna Maria Meyer, as well of the grandchildren of Bailiff , who died from a feaver when in 1788 they visited their grandparents in Himmelpforten. After being examined also the bailiff's crypt was buried again with sand. The pulpit altar is topped by the יהוה in an auriole. Left and right the pulpit is flanked by veil-like carved elements bearing the inscription «Vere hic est nihil aliud - nisi domus Dei et porta coeli» English: Here is none other than the house of God, and the gate of Heaven. The former abbey still had three altars, one and two side altars. In 1794, on the occasion of redistricting Hammah, and into the Himmelpforten parish, were installed to seat the additional parishioners. Since the installations of the galleries, men sat above and women at grade. Traditionally women from Himmelpforten including its components , , and sat southerly of the middle , whereas northerly those from Hammah, Hammahermoor and Mittelsdorf. In 1798 Himmelpforten parish bought a second bell from. The first line of on the northern gallery used to be the stand of the choir boys. Close to the pulpit altar stood the individual pews for influential and wealthy families such as those of the bailiff, the preacher, the innkeeper Hancken, the post-office keeper Wehber and the great von Issendorff, the first lines of pews north of the aisle were reserved for officials of the bailiwick and other clerks of church or municipality. When in 1834 Stade's merged sold the old for demolition the Himmelpforten parish bought several furnishings from that church. Among them are 15 paintings of the of , bought for Rtlr 206 and 14 good , created around 1620. Since 1985 they are hung on the of the northern gallery beginning with the and ending with the , with each painting showing the coats of arms of the donating families from Stade's St. The paintings had later been covered and forgotten and only rediscovered in 1933 on the occasion of a renovation. In 1844 the parish acquired a church clock for the ridge turret. In 1894 the congregation installed an oven heating. Between 1982 and 1985 the church underwent a thorough renovation, removing the southern gallery in order to gain more light through the sunny side, faulty façade bricks were replaced by taylored replicas from the Netherlands, the galleries were altered and the interior walls newly rendered. Organ The on the west gallery is one of the oldest and most valuable in the dating to the 16th century. It was built by and for Stade's St. Nicholas' Church between 1587 and 1590. In the years 1609 and 1667 to 1669 not known organ builders repaired the instrument most likely also altering disposition and technical details. In 1677 rebuilt the organ on the occasion of a general reshape of the interior of St. Nicholas, applying a new and adding more voices. He employed 151 pounds of lead and received a salary of 200. In 1709 Schnitger's competitor repaired the organ, likely on behalf of the former. Gloger mentioned the organ having 33. In 1834 the Himmelpforten parish bought 24 of the then 35 stops of the organ from organ builder , who had acquired the pipes from Stade's St. Nicholas parish renovating and rearranging them behind new case and façade in 1835. Tappe also changed the specification. It is not recorded that there ever was an organ in Himmelpforten before the purchase of the Scherer organ. Organ in its present case. In 1890 and 1892 Heinrich Röver repaired the organ. The new organ case follows the design of the architect Dr. Ott added a modern wind system to the organ, replaced the front pipes from the old case and gave the organ a new intonation. In 1973 Ott returned for a repair of the organ. During massive constructions in order to repair the roof and to enforce the stability of the ridge turret, accompanied by a general refurbish of the church interior, from 1982 to 1987, completely disassembled the pipes, overhauled them in a safe place, and reassembled them afterwards. Disposition of the organ Today's organ comprises 24 stops and is of. Peter's parish in Horst, the latter of the St. Martin's parish in , , both until 1895 part of Oldendorf parish , , Hammahermoor, and Mittelsdorf the latter three until 1794 part of the Oldendorf parish. Neighbouring parishes are clockwise in the Northwest in Horst upon Oste and , in the North Ss. John's and Catherine's in , in the Northeast parish and in , in the East in , in the Southeast , and in the Southwest. Before the relocation of the nunnery to Eulsete today's Himmelpforten the local parishioners formed part of the St. Martin's parish in Oldendorf. Traditionally the parish was very poor, allowing only a small salary for the pastor, which is why at times the pastorate was not staffed. In reaction to Bailiff Heinrich Philip p Tiling's earlier criticism a poor salary would only attract poorly skilled pastors in 1794 the villages Hammah, Hammahermoor and Mittelsdorf were redistricted from Oldendorf parish to that of Himmelpforten, providing its parish with more parishioners and thus more revenues. By the in 1648 the prince-archiepiscopal elective monarchy had been secularised as the heritable , which was jointly ruled with the new , as , since both imperial fiefs were bestowed on the Swedish crown. By the 1650s the previous religious bodies, such as the Lutheran Bremen cathedral chapter or the archdeaconries, had been abolished, their revenues mostly confiscated, with only few of them not granted to Swedish war veterans. The general government of Swedish Bremen-Verden thus created new ecclesiastical structures. Lutherans made up by far the majority of the population. In 1848 the Lutheran parishes were democratised by the introduction of parish councils; Kirchenvorstand in Hanoverian terminology , elected by all major male parishioners and chairing each parish in co-operation with the pastor, previously being the sole chairman. This introduction of presbyteries was somewhat revolutionary in the rather hierarchically structured Lutheran church. However, the remained the Supreme Governor of the Lutheran Church summus episcopus. In the 1850s played a major role among Lutherans. Following the of 1862, when the royal administration tried to impose an unwelcome old-fashioned catechism, King dismissed his complete cabinet. Then , the new Hanoverian minister of and education 1862—1865 , for the first time convened the long withheld , called the Vorsynode i. The proto-synod gathered synodals from all the then seven separate Lutheran within the , thus marking the birth of today's. The General Diocese of Bremen-Verden thus became a subdivision of that church. The the kingdom's parliament approved the proto-synod's decisions and cast them in the legislative mold, establishing the state synod Landessynode, the proto-synod's successor as the church's ordinary parliament. After the Prussian conquest in 1866, on 19 September 1866, the day before the official Prussian annexation took place and with George V already in exile, the Kingdom's six regionally competent consistories formed a central umbrella Landeskonsistorium. The Lutheran state church became a stronghold of Hanoverian tradition and self-confidence and therefore somewhat politicised. The relation between the Lutheran State Church of Hanover and the monarch of Prussia was rather reserved. Thus the Hanoverian church coped better with the cessation of the summepiscopate supreme government by the monarchs in 1918 and the separation of state and religion in 1919. However, also the Hanoverian church was part of the against Nazi government intrusion into religious affairs and between Nazi-submissive clergy and church functionaries against their coreligionists upholding the unadulterated Lutheran confession. On 24 June 1933 the Prussian Nazi government appointed a State Commissioner for all the eight in Prussia and imposed an unconstitutional premature reelection of all presbyteries and synods legislative assemblies , on all levels such as the deaneries, dioceses for Hanover: Sprengel and central bodies for Hanover: Landessynode. So on 23 July also in Himmelpforten the presbytery was reelected. In the Stade deanery proponents of the Nazi-submissive German: Kirchenpartei, i. Lutheran Hanoverian groups opposing the German Christians founded the new nominating group called Landeskirchliche Sammlung i. Whereas Pastor Pape of St. Peter's in Horst aligned with the against the Nazi persecution of pastors with Jewish ancestry, and the pastor of St. Mary's in Großenwörden succeeded to convince his parishioners to elect a majority of Rally-aligned presbyters, Himmelpforten parish showed the average elective pattern in the Stade deanery. The fact that, unlike in the synod of the Stade deanery, the Regional Church Rally won the majority in the all-Hanoverian Landessynode, allowed its pre-1933 leadership, including to stay in office. However, while Marahrens opposed the adulteration of Lutheran faith within his church, he kept a low profile against the general Nazi dictatorship. In 1934 the Regional Church Rally, led by Marahrens, joined the Reich-wide movement. Grave of Johann Stüven on the churchyard old cemetery Whereas 1933 twelve out of 33 Lutheran pastors in the Stade deanery had joined the German Christians, five - Gustav Mohr among them - were even Nazi party members, in 1935 two thirds of them aligned themselves with the Confessing Church. German Christians in the presbyteries had often resigned or jumped ship so that the Nazis mostly gave up capturing the church from within through compliant collaborators but intensified the control from outside by secret police, denunciators and general criminalisation. The declared German Christian Pastor Gustav Mohr was infamous for even wearing his Nazi party badge on his gown while preaching. Until early 1935 he held the second pastorate at in Stade, when the Confessing-Church member Hermann Ubbelohde replaced him. In 1938, after a certain , Mohr became pastor at St. Mary's, succeeding Himmelpforten's retired Pastor Wilhelm Arfken. Mohr died on 16 March 1945. Memorial for the dead of the two World Wars on the new cemetery The initial cemetery was a churchyard northerly and southerly adjacent to the church building, with the northerly section, the Nonnenfriedhof i. After the 1794 redistricting the Himmelpforten parish needed a bigger cemetery. Graves in the new cemetery A new, still functioning, cemetery was opened further east on the Main Street at the corner of Am Friedhof. The timber-framed was erected in 1839 on the new cemetery. Clergy, sextons and municipal officials are buried close to the Main Street, where there also are two war memorials for the soldiers killed in action in the and in the two World Wars. The section stretching northerly is divided by a central avenue, east of it residents of Himmelpforten are buried, west thereof gravesites serve the people from the other parish villages. At the northern end of the cemetery there is a section of forest, where in 1976 the architect from Himmelpforten built the cemetery chapel on behalf of the municipality of Himmelpforten. The chapel was renovated in 2013. Traditionally the pastors, like the schoolmaster and the sexton, were paid from the convent's revenues. After the alienation of the convent's revenues by secular rulers the and the passed onto them too. The actual revenues of the pastors formed a combination of a seigniorial appanage and dues by the parishioners. However, due to its poverty the parish was often in arrears with the salary. In 1778 Bailiff Tiling criticised that in view of the small salary only third-class preachers, who hardly passed the examination, could be employed. In 1780 the pastoral salary comprised leases from the leaseholders of , Ablösen from former leaseholders, fees for cutting on glebe land Torfgrabgeld , the geese fee Gänsegeld at , and parishioners' dues in kind rye and eggs , certain farmers were further obliged to provide fares and hauls to and from Stade on behalf of the pastor. Since 1788, after Tiling's criticism, pastor preacher , schoolmaster, and sexton were salaried by the bailiwick. Besides this salary the sexton received other revenues, such as dues on the occasion of and 5½ and six eggs per household in Himmelpforten proper, s 11 and twelve eggs per household in the outlying parochial villages, hay from the cemetery, 6 Himten of rye from the seigniorial granary of the Amt Himmelpforten, additional rye from the owners of certain farmsteads. Only after 1911 the positions of schoolmaster and sexton were not staffed in personal union any more. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' 1995; , vol. Kunstgeschichte ' 1995; , vol. Kontinuität und Wandel der Zisterzienser im Mittelalter» held from 14 to 16 March 2007 in Mainz , Franz J. Felten and Werner Rösener eds. XII: 'Norddeutschland: Die Männer- und Frauenklöster der Zisterzienser in Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg' 1994 , Ulrich Faust compil. Ein Spaziergang durch die Vergangenheit der Gemeinde, Heimat- und Schulmuseum Himmelpforten ed. There were many regional standards, altering over time too, so that there is no single measurement of Klosterformat, but a variety of brick sizes measuring between 280 to 300 mm 11 to 12 in of length, 140 to 150 mm 5. Gottfried Kiesow, , on: Quarterly of the German foundation for monument preservation , June 2009, retrieved on 10 September 2014. Earlier he had served in the Danish and the imperial armies, for the latter in Italy, appointed by the Danish occupational authority in 1712 and taken on by the British-Hanoverian general government. Marien leaflet for the reopening on 28 April 1985 , Himmelpforten: Kirchengemeinde Himmelpforten, 1985, p. Silvia Schulz-Hauschildt, Himmelpforten — Eine Chronik, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality ed. Nicholas parish had sold Stade's St. Nicholas Church on demolition. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' 1995; , vol. Kunstgeschichte ' 1995; , vol. XII: 'Norddeutschland: Die Männer- und Frauenklöster der Zisterzienser in Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg' 1994 , Ulrich Faust compil.
In reaction to Bailiff Heinrich Philip p Tiling's earlier criticism a poor salary would only attract poorly skilled pastors in 1794 the villages Hammah, Hammahermoor and Mittelsdorf were redistricted from Oldendorf el to that of Himmelpforten, single männer stade its parish with more parishioners and thus more revenues. However, such a wide-ranging exemption single männer stade their is exactly what Bremen's cathedral chapter and the did not want, as is described below. The previous was the abbey of the formerin 1255 relocated to Himmelpforten on the el of the. The list follows Georg von Issendorff. In ecclesiastical respect Porta Coeli formed part of the connected in with the Bremen cathedral provost, presiding over the cathedral chapter. Kunstgeschichte ' 1995;vol. Kontinuität und Wandel der Zisterzienser im Mittelalter» held from 14 to 16 March 2007 in MainzFranz J. The responsible part of the northern wall and the adjacent part of the wall of the old abbey church were maintained and thus integrated into the else new structure of today's St.